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Biomedical subjects

J W Dundee

Publications and source records attributed to J W Dundee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Minaxolone: a new water-soluble steroid anaesthetic.

The induction characteristics of minaxolone, a water-soluble steroid anaesthetic, were studied in fit patients undergoing minor urological or gynaecological operations. Minaxolone acted as rapidly as thiopentone. A dose of 0.25 mg kg-1 did not always produce anaesthesia in patients who had not received premedication but 0.5 mg kg-1 was an adequate dose. Excitatory effects were less common with the higher doses of anaesthetic. These effects were usually slight and rarely interfered with the course of anaesthesia. Unlike propanidid, minaxolone did not prolong the duration of action of suxamethonium. Minaxolone is easy to administer and causes little venous damage.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1979

A study of the plasma concentrations of lorazepam in mother and neonate.

A standard dose of lorazepam 2.5 mg was given i.v. to two groups of mothers: (a) before surgical induction of labour and (b) at the beginning of the second stage of labour. A group of non-pregnant women was studied as control. Plasma concentrations of lorazepam were measured by gas-liquid chromatography, in the mothers before delivery, and in the mother and neonate at delivery and 24 and 48 h thereafter. Concentrations at delivery in the neonates were similar to those in the mothers in group (a), but significantly less in group (b). Fetal concentration rarely exceeded that in the mother. Measurements after delivery indicated that the neonates were able to metabolize lorazepam at the same rate as the mothers. Of the 22 neonates studied only one had an Apgar score of less than 8 at 5 min and this score was 10 at 10 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics.

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study of liver enzyme and other changes following repeat administration of halothane and enflurane.

A prospective study of liver enzymes and other measurements following repeat administrations of halothane or enflurane was carried out in patients undergoing minor urological operations. The patient populations were similar with respect to frequency of factors which might influence liver function, social habits, drug therapy and time intervals between administrations. Sixty-three received two or more administrations of halothane and 66 received two or more administrations of enflurane, both drugs given with nitrous oxide in oxygen. There was a greater frequency of increased enzymatic activity following repeat administrations of halothane than following enflurane and the average alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were increased to a greater degree following halothane than enflurane. There was no change in the eosinophil count and no significant postoperative morbidity. Change in alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase occured more frequently in obese patients receiving halothane.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effect of preanaesthetic medication on etomidate.

The effects of diazepam and pethidine, when given as preanaesthetic medication, on the induction of anaesthesia and the postanaesthetic sequelae following etomidate were studied in women undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. Pain on injection was present in all the groups. However, the frequency was significantly less with the polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol formulations of the drug compared with the aqueous solution. A fast injection and pethidine premedication decreased the frequency also. The high frequency of excitatory phenomena in unpremedicated patients was decreased significantly by premedication with diazepam and pethidine, especially the latter. Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of the drug were not major problems. The frequency of emetic sequelae was high. Recovery was rapid even in the groups receiving sedative premedication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Studies of drugs given before anaesthesia. XVII: anticholinergic premedicants.

The effects of premedication with the anticholinergic drugs atropine, hyoscine and glycopyrronium when administered by oral and i.m. routes have been evaluated in patients undergoing minor surgery and compared with a placebo using a double-dummy double-blind technique. Although the mouths of those patients who received adequate doses of anticholinergic drugs were dry, subjectively and observed, as compared with those who received a placebo, the overall course of anaesthesia did not appear to be different. Of the three drugs atropine seemed to be absorbed best following oral administration. Equally effective oral and i.m. doses of atropine were considered to be 2.0 and 1.0 mg respectively; of hyoscine 1.0 and 0.25--0.5 mg. The appropriate dose of glycopyrronium was 0.2 mg i.m. The routine use of anticholinergic drugs in preanaesthetic medication in minor surgery appears to be unnecessary.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the actions of diazepam and lorazepam.

Diazepam and lorazepam differ in potency and in the time-course of their action. As a sedative, diazepam 10 mg is equivalent to lorazepam 2-2.5 mg. Diazepam is better absorbed after oral than after i.m. administrations but this does not apply to lorazepam. The clinical effect and amnesia begin more rapidly with diazepam, but last longer following lorazepam. Lorazepam is more effective than diazepam in blocking the emergence sequelae from ketamine. Lorazepam i.v. is followed by a lesser frequency of venous thrombosis.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1979

Venous sequelae following etomidate.

Five hundred patients receiving one of three different formulations of etomidate were observed on the 2nd and 3rd days after operation for possible venous sequelae. The total frequency of sequelae was 8% or more, the greatest being with the propylene glycol formulation (23%). Formulation of the drug and total dose employed were the most important factors influencing venous sequelae, which were not related to pain on injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Atropine versus glycopyrrolate. A study of intraocular pressure and pupil size in man.

Following control observations of intraocular pressure and pupil size, in doses suitable for pre-anaesthetic medication, glycopyrrolate (0.004 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg) were given intramuscularly to healthy volunteers in a randomised, cross-over fashion. No significant change in either intraocular pressure or pupil size was noted 45 min after drug administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of the anti-emetic action of domperidone.

The findings of a study into the anti-emetic properties of domperidone are reported. When the drug was given prophylactically with either morphine or pethidine the study revealed that any anti-emetic property of domperidone was of short duration and that it would not be suitable as a prophylaxis against opiate-induced emesis. Domperidone is not being introduced into clinical practice in the United Kingdom on the basis of current study.

Adolescent↗