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Biomedical subjects

J W Glosser

Publications and source records attributed to J W Glosser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Pathologic change in soft tissues associated with radiographically 'normal' third molar impactions.

Our aim was to evaluate the incidence of histological abnormalities in soft tissues surrounding impacted third molar teeth when there were no pathological conditions apparent on the corresponding radiographs. Ninety-six dental follicles were collected from third molar teeth of 63 patients. No tooth had a follicular space greater than 2.4 mm as measured on the panoramic radiograph. Specimens were examined by each of three oral pathologists, and only those independently diagnosed as cystic by all three pathologists were considered diseased. A diagnosis of dentigerous cyst was made in 31 cases; 22 of 60 mandibular specimens (37%) and nine of 36 maxillary specimens (25%) were affected. No disease other than dentigerous cyst was seen. We conclude that the incidence of dentigerous cyst associated with impacted third molar teeth is higher than reported in radiographic studies alone. The importance of histological diagnosis of dentigerous cyst should be evaluated further in the light of this unexpectedly high incidence of microscopic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Risk analysis systems for veterinary biologicals: a regulator's tool box.

Recent advances in biology and technology have significantly improved our ability to produce veterinary biologicals of high purity, efficacy and safety, virtually anywhere in the world. At the same time, increasing trade and comprehensive trade agreements, such as the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT: now the World Trade Organisation [WTO]), have put pressure on governments to use scientific principles in the regulation of trade for a wide range of products, including veterinary biologicals. In many cases, however, nations have been reluctant to allow the movement of veterinary biologicals, due to the perceived threat of importing an exotic disease. This paper discusses the history of risk analysis as a decision support tool and provides examples of how this tool may be used in a science-based regulatory system for veterinary biologicals. A wide variety of tools are described, including qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative methods, most with a long history of use in engineering and the health and environmental sciences.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of biotechnology in the United States and Canada.

The regulation of biotechnology in the United States and Canada is based on principles that reflect respect for the new technology, yet also recognize that most traditional approaches to regulation, employing sound science and common sense, still apply. Four specific principles form the framework on which regulatory schemes are based: (1) the products of biotechnology will not differ fundamentally from unmodified organisms or from conventional products; (2) the product rather than the process shall be regulated; (3) regulation should be based on the end use of the product and will be conducted on a case-by-case basis; and (4) the existing laws provide adequate authority for regulating the products of biotechnology. This report summarizes the regulatory approaches taken in various organisms and products. Special emphasis is given to: (1) issuance of entry permits for genetically-engineered plants and micro-organisms; (2) licensing of genetically-engineered veterinary biological products; and (3) permits for movement and release into the environment. A three-category classification system is described for dealing with hybridomas and recombinant-derived products, based on their biological characteristics and safety concerns. Categories range from relatively simple inactivated recombinant animal vaccines to products using live vectors to carry recombinant-derived foreign genes that code for immunizing antigens and/or other immune stimulants. This paper stresses that few fields of contemporary science and technology hold forth more possibilities and greater expectations than biotechnology. It is therefore of utmost importance that animal health officials and scientists ensure that the products of biotechnology will not cause or transmit infectious disease, adversely affect the environment or adulterate food products.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Leptospirosis in Trinidad and Grenada, with special reference to the mongoose.

In Trinidad, six Leptospira isolates were made from 957 febrile patients between 1968 amd 1972. In addition, CF antibodies were detected in 6-6% of febrile patients and human survey sera collected during this period. In 1972 alone, 10-4% (38/363) of sera examined had CF titres consistent with positive exposure to the disease. Grenada does not report leptospirosis, but the disease is common in mongooses in both Trinidad and Grenada. Serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Canicola are present in Grenada with 35-2% of mongooses examined being seropositive. Five Canicola strains of Leptospira were isolated from mongooses in Trinidad and serological studies showed that this was the most common serogroup from mongooses on the island. A total of 31 strains recorded from at least seven different serogroups and eight named serotypes have been isolated from humans, rats and mongooses in Trinidad. Human leptospirosis is probably more common in the Caribbean than the medical records indicate.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of an indirect hemagglutination test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis.

A presumptive hemagglutination test for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis in humans is described. The antigen was prepared from a soluble alcohol extract of an andamana strain sorbed to human O-negative erythrocytes and preserved by pyruvic aldehyde fixation. In this study, the overall sensitivity of the hemagglutination test was 92% in contrast to 69% for the presumptive slide agglutination test. The specificity was 95% for the hemagglutination test in comparison with 83% for the slide test.

Agglutination Tests↗