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Biomedical subjects

J W Hudson

Publications and source records attributed to J W Hudson.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cholesterol measurement and treatment in community practices.

A study was designed to examine the cholesterol measurement and treatment activities of primary care physicians in community practices. Three family practices of comparable size (one faculty practice and two community small-group practices) participated in the study. A random sample of 450 adult patients (150 from each site) was drawn from patient logs using a time series sampling method. Charts were reviewed for serum lipid evaluations, documentation of coronary heart disease risk factors, lipid-lowering activities, and other coronary heart disease risk-factor interventions. Sixty-seven percent of the sample had cholesterol measures recorded. No differences were found in the rates of measurement for men and women. Multiple, detailed serum lipid evaluations were common, and recognition of high cholesterol as a problem even before 1980 was apparent. Almost one half (47%) of individuals with cholesterol greater than 5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) had a charted intervention, 64% if cholesterol greater than 6.2 mmol/L (240 mg/dL). Diet was the most common intervention (73%), and medication was used in only eight cases. Nonpharmaceutical interventions appeared to be undercharted. An analysis of interpractice variations revealed strikingly consistent results, although some interesting differences were noted. These rates are at least double previously reported rates and suggest that primary care physicians play a major role in this national priority.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The psychological and behavioral considerations of orthognathic surgery on identical (monozygotic) twins.

The psychologic and behavioral changes that may occur with the impact of orthognathic surgery on the physical appearance of an identical twin set have been addressed. This unique situation has not been discussed in the literature with respect to reconstructive or cosmetic facial surgery. A report on elective orthognathic surgery performed on identical twins and the subsequent impact on the twin relationship due to alterations of "self-image phenomenon" is given. Such an impact was a consideration in this case. Further collective study in this area is needed but is difficult to obtain because of the rarity of occurrence of this type of case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Localization of the muscle, liver, and brain glycogen phosphorylase genes on linkage maps of mouse chromosomes 19, 12, and 2, respectively.

Mammalian glycogen phosphorylases comprise a family of three isozymes, muscle, liver, and brain, which are expressed selectively and to varying extents in a wide variety of cell types. To better understand the regulation of phosphorylase gene expression, we isolated partial cDNAs for all three isozymes from the rat and used these to map the corresponding genes in the mouse. Chromosome mapping was accomplished by comparing the segregation of phosphorylase restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with 16 reference loci in a multipoint interspecies backcross between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus. The genes encoding muscle, liver, and brain phosphorylases (Pygm, Pygl, and Pygb) are assigned to mouse chromosomes 19, 12, and 2, respectively. Their location on separate chromosomes indicates that distinct cis-acting elements govern the differential expression of phosphorylase isozymes in various tissues. Our findings significantly extend the genetic maps of mouse chromosomes 2, 12, and 19 and can be used to define the location of phosphorylase genes in man more precisely. Finally, this analysis suggests that the previously mapped "muscle-deficient" mutation in mouse, mdf, is closely linked to the muscle phosphorylase gene. However, muscle phosphorylase gene structure and expression appear to be unaltered in mdf/mdf mice, indicating that this mutation is not an animal model for the human genetic disorder McArdle's disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Suprabulbar palsy with pseudankylosis of the mandible: review and report of three cases.

Neonates with suprabulbar palsy present as extremely difficult and complex cases requiring the expertise of many different professionals over an extended period of time. The experience gained from the patients presented may serve as a guide for diagnosis and treatment for other patients with this problem. Precise early diagnosis is paramount to eventual levels of recovery and function attained.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed1979

Heterotransplantation of human neoplasms.

The heterotransplantation of 39 solid human neoplasms into athymic and asplenic-athymic mice resulted in the successful growth of 28 of the transplants. However, only 17 of the tumors could be maintained in serial passage. Metastasis or local infiltration by the transplanted tumors was not observed. Melanomas and colorectal carcinomas grew well whereas other types grew poorly or not at all. Possible factors responsible for the poor growth or lack of growth are discussed. The rapid growth of a melanoma in newborn mice in contrast with the slow growth of the same tumor in adult mice suggests a new experimental approach for transplantation of malignancies which previously have been difficult to establish.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of cold exposure on water requirements on three species of small mammals.

Water turnover rate (WTR) was determined from tritiated water (3H2O) loss in the short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi), and white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). When given ad libitum water at Ta of 20 degrees, B. brevicauda, C. gapperi, and P. leucopus turned over 16.2, 13.8, and 6.2 ml/day, respectively; minimum WTR was 9.9, 7.8, and 3.5 ml/day, respectively. When they were given ad libitum water at 5 degrees C, WTR was 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than at 20 degrees C. On minimum water rations, WTR at 5 degrees C was 1.7 to 1.9 times higher than at 20 degrees C. Since increases in VO2 at 5 degrees C and at 20 degrees C were of about the same magnitude, increased metabolic rates may have caused increased water requirements. Total body water (TBW) was calculated from 3H2O dilution. On minimum water rations, the three species at both Ta's showed decreases in TBW and body weight, but percent body H2O increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Thyroid function in a hibernator, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus.

Thyroid hormone secretion (assessed as thyroid 125I release rate) was monitored in Spermophilus tridecemlineatus from summer to winter (July-December) in 1973. The average release rate in July was 2.3% per day, but in August this rate decreased significantly and remained at an average 0.52% per day until December. This low rate (being similar to that of hypophysectomized rats), and the absence of any change in oxygen consumption following thyroidectomy, suggested hormone secretion was "turned off" during this period. During the period August-December, four S. tridecemlineatus showed normal thermoregulatory responses to anterior hypothalamic cooling but no thyroidal response whether restrained, unrestrained, or anesthetized. Thyroid 125I uptake (and presumably hormone manufacture) continued during the period August-December and 24-h uptake averaged 27.0% in December. Possible reasons for "turning off" thyroid hormone secretion are discussed, and it is concluded this is to allow the membrane fatty acids to revert to a less-saturated condition in preparation for low body temperatures during hibernation.

Animals↗