PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J W Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to J W Kramer.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Urinary indices for differentiation of prerenal azotemia and renal azotemia in horses.

The urine urea nitrogen/plasma urea nitrogen ratio (Uun/Pun), urine creatinine/plasma creatinine ratio (Ucr/Pcr), urine osmolality/plasma osmolality ratio (Uosm/Posm), and fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FENa) were evaluated in 16 horses with acute azotemia to ascertain the significance of each index in the differentiation of prerenal azotemia from renal azotemia. Renal azotemia was diagnosed when renal biopsy or postmortem histologic examination demonstrated evidence of organic renal disease or when azotemia was found in the presence of isosthenuria. The diagnosis of prerenal azotemia was based on the absence of renal histologic lesions or stabilization of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine soon after therapy. In 10 horses with renal azotemia, Uun/Pun was 2.1-14.3, Ucr/Pcr was 2.6-37.0, Uosm/Posm was 0.8-1.7, and FENa was 0.08-10.0. In 6 horses with prerenal azotemia, Uun/Pun was 15.2-43.7, Ucr/Pcr was 51.2-241.5, Uosm/Posm was 1.7-3.4, and FENa was 0.02-0.50. The values for each of these indices differed significantly between the 2 groups of horses (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that these indices were of value in the early classification of renal failure in the horse and that this information could be utilized in planning of therapy of acute azotemia in the horse.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Dogs with induced or spontaneous diabetes as models for the study of human diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus can be produced readily in dogs by any of several chemical or surgical methods, and in recent years genetically diabetic dogs have also become available for study. These models are suitable for investigating a wide variety of questions relevant to human diabetes mellitus. Especially noteworthy is the occurrence in diabetic dogs of a number of ocular and other complications typical of human diabetes mellitus. Procedures by which canine models of diabetes may be established or maintained have been outlined in this report.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inheritance of a neuromuscular disorder of Labrador retriever dogs.

A heritable neuromuscular disorder of Labrador Retrievers was demonstrated to be transmitted by a simple autosomal recessive mode. The pathologic changes were confined to affected dogs, and a method for identifying the unaffected carrier was not found. The disorder was first recognized in 4 litters submitted for clinical examination, then was studied in 6 additional litters to determine the mode of inheritance. Although the disorder appeared widespread, its prevalence was thought to be low.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Inherited, early onset, insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus of Keeshond dogs.

Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been characterized in a line of nonobese purebred keeshond dogs as an insulin-requiring hereditary disorder with onset at between 2 and 6 mo of age. Diabetic dogs developed cataracts, became ketotic, hyperglycemic, hypercholesterolemic, lipemic, and hypoinsulinemic. Basal glucagon, cortisol, and T4 serum concentrations and responses to ACTH, TSH, and arginine were normal. Light microscopic studies of the pancreas by immunocytochemical procedures revealed the absence of islet B cells, the presence of A cells, and solitary B cells. Diabetic dogs had poor fecundity, and a single puberal diabetic male had poor semen quality and was unable to sire pups. Parents of diabetics and nondiabetic siblings were normal. This spontaneous form of diabetes mellitus, with similar lesions to the insulin-dependent diabetes of people, will be a valuable aid to comparative biomedical research of diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The Chediak-Higashi syndrome of cats.

Initial clinical, genetic, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies have characterized the Chediak-Higashi syndrome in cats. Three cats with Chediak-Higashi syndrome were found in a single line of 27 Persian cats, and three additional affected cats were produced from two prospective breedings of the original line. The disorder was characterized genetically as an autosomal recessive condition. All cats in the line with the combination of yellow eye color and "blue smoke" hair color exhibited the disorder. Four of the five cats examined had bilateral nuclear cataracts as early in life as 3 months of age. No increased susceptibility to infectious disease was observed. A bleeding tendency was noted. Abnormally large eosinophilic, sudanophilic, peroxidase-containing granules were observed in the neutrophils of the granulocytic series of blood and bone marrow by electron and light microscopy. Granules of eosinophils and basophils were also enlarged. Light microscopic studies of hair and skin revealed enlarged melanin granules. These manifestations were similar to those in man, mink, cattle, mice, and the killer whale with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Cats are the sixth species in which this genetic disease has been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A muscle disorder of Labrador retrievers characterized by deficiency of type II muscle fibers.

A muscle disorder was detected in 5 Labrador Retrievers. The age of onset was less than 6 months. The clinical signs, which were exaggerated with exercise, cold, or excitement, included abnormal head and neck posture, and a stiff, forced, hopping gait. A marked deficiency of skeletal muscle mass resulted in poor conformation. Both black and yellow Labrador Retrievers were affected, and pedigree studies indicated the disorder may have been inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Some relief of the clinical signs was afforded by treatment with diazepam. Marked creatinuria and low serum creatine phosphokinase activity were the only consistent, abnormal laboratory findings. Histologic and cytochemical examinations of muscle biopsy specimens revealed a relative predominance of type I and a deficiency of type II skeletal muscle fibers. Electromyographic studies of the affected dogs indicated a myotonic defect.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cytology of diffuse mesothelioma in the thorax of a horse.

Examination of effusions from body cavities must include a search for neoplastic as well as inflammatory cells. Neoplastic cells found in the thorax are generally derived from adenocarcinomas or mesotheliomas. Mesotheliomas are relatively uncommon and the neoplastic cells found in effusions are difficult to differentiate from activated cells in inflammatory effusions. An ante-mortem diagnosis of mesothelioma was made in a mare on the basis of the large volume of fluid produced, the pleomorphic mesothelial cells, the polyp formation and the absence of PAS staining material after digestion of the cell impression with maltase diastase.

Animals↗