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Biomedical subjects

J W Lazar

Publications and source records attributed to J W Lazar.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Frontal systems dysfunction in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities.

Tests of attention, inhibition, working memory, motor learning, and problem solving--functions associated with the brain's frontal systems--were administered to 26 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities (ADHD + LD), 22 children with LD only, and 10 with ADHD only. Percentages of abnormal test results and significantly impaired scores were higher for the two groups with LD than for the ADHD-only group. The groups differed significantly on some tests of attention-inhibition-cueing, working memory, and problem solving, with the ADHD + LD and LD groups performing worse than the ADHD-only group. Abnormalities of frontal systems tests are not exclusive ADHD characteristics and are also present in LD children, implying a strong connection between centers of "processing" and centers of "executive" functions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Use of the Dementia Rating Scale as a test for neuropsychological dysfunction in HIV-positive i.v. drug abusers.

Intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) represent an increasing proportion of the HIV epidemic. Forty-three IVDA's (22 HIV-negative, 21 HIV-positive) were studied using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). All subjects had used intravenous heroin, but reported that they were drug-free at the time of testing. HIV-positive subjects were predominantly symptomatic and were dichotomized into AIDS and non-AIDS groups. All subjects with abnormal DRS scores were HIV-positive (57% of all HIV-positives). All HIV-negative subjects had normal DRS scores while 43% of the positive group obtained such scores. The DRS reliably identifies neuropsychological impairment, and may be a useful screening tool in this population.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1976

Position reversal deficit in young ferrets.

Young ferrets (6 and 10 weeks old at the start of the experiments) were compared to adult ferrets on learning (1) a Lashley III maze, (2) a left-right discrimination in T-maze with identical choice arms, and (3) a reversal of the left-right discrimination. The young were not inferior to the adults in learning either the Lashley III maze or the initial discrimination in the T-maze. However, the young were markedly (and significantly) inferior to the adults in learning to reverse.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A neuropsychological approach to the assessment of adults with learning disabilities in vocational rehabilitation.

A description of cognitive, academic, and personality characteristics of adults with learning disabilities (LD) referred for services through the state/federal vocational rehabilitation system is presented. This study builds on the work of Minskoff, Hawks, Steidle, and Hoffmann (1989) and validates their conclusions that, as a group, adults with LD participating in vocational rehabilitation are homogeneous relative to other groups of adults with LD. By taking a neuropsychological approach to the assessment process, the current study further subdivided the assessment categories described by Minskoff et al. This approach assumes that the vocational competence of adults with learning disabilities may be better understood in terms of their visual and auditory perception; verbal and nonverbal reasoning; verbal and mixed (verbal/nonverbal) learning; linguistic and nonlinguistic memory; semantic, expressive, and receptive language; basic and conceptual academic skills; and social and psychological adjustments. The data analyses identify several potential patterns of psychosocial and neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses that may be important in vocational rehabilitation efforts.

Adult↗