Biomedical subjects

J W Rapley

Publications and source records attributed to J W Rapley.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

The effect of Nd:YAG laser exposure on root surfaces when used as an adjunct to root planing: an in vitro study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser treatment on root surfaces in vitro when used alone or in combination with conventional scaling and root planing. The study population consisted of 18 unerupted third molars, each with a 3 mm diameter treatment site outlined on the root surface. Three specimens were randomly assigned to each of 6 different treatment groups: 1) untreated control; 2) root planed only; 3) laser treated only using 1.25 W of energy; 4) laser treated only using 1.50 W of energy; 5) laser treated with 1.25 W of energy followed by root planing; and 6) laser treated with 1.50 W of energy followed by root planing. Following their respective treatment, all specimens were prepared for evaluation by scanning electron microscopy. Specimens from Group 2, root planed only, exhibited a smear layer of scale-like texture with parallel instrument tracks resulting from curet use. Specimens treated by laser only, Groups 3 and 4, featured various surface changes not observed in controls such as charring and carbonization of the cementum surface, randomly distributed pitting and crater formation, and melting of the root mineral phase with subsequent resolidification as porous globules. Those specimens treated by laser followed by root planing, Groups 5 and 6, exhibited surface characteristics similar to those noted in Group 2 specimens. Further, there were areas of exposed dentinal tubules resulting from a "peeling" of the cementum layer. The results of this in vitro study suggest that laser use during root preparation, even at relatively low energy levels, will result in physical changes to the root surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum Silicates↗

PubMed1992

Plaque-induced inflammation around implants.

This article is a review of plaque-induced inflammation around dental implants. The microflora around successful implants is similar to healthy sulci, while that associated with failing implants is similar to periodontally diseased sites. Implant microflora is similar to the tooth microflora in the partially edentulous mouth. The microflora of implants in partially edentulous mouths differs from that in edentulous mouths. This seems to indicate a bacterial reservoir around the teeth and the possibility of reinfection of the implant sulcus by periodontal pathogens. The maintenance of a tooth microflora consistent with periodontal health in partially edentulous mouths may lead to maintaining an implant microflora consistent with peri-implant health. Thus, periodontal and implant maintenance are linked and neither can be overlooked.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Soft tissue management during implant maintenance.

Peri-implant soft tissue problems seen during the maintenance phase of implant therapy include an inadequate zone of keratinized tissue, mobility of grafted tissue, mucosal "pouching," gingival hyperplasia, gingival fistulas, and gingivitis. Techniques to alleviate or reduce these problems include free soft tissue autografts, apically positioned flaps, reduction of tissue thickness by a flap procedure or gingivectomy, and increased attention to the control of inflammation.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Clinical parameters of evaluation during implant maintenance.

This paper reviews investigations concerning the clinical parameters of evaluating dental implants during the maintenance phase of therapy. Clinical parameters that are discussed include mobility, gingival alterations, tissue movement, probing and attachment level measurements, bleeding upon probing, occlusion, and microbial monitoring. The role of implant radiology is discussed and encompasses radiographic interpretation, interval, and technique.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1991

Subpontic osseous hyperplasia: a literature review.

Several incidences of excessive bone growth beneath the pontics of posterior fixed partial dentures have been documented, and this phenomenon has been referred to as subpontic osseous hyperplasia. The clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features are discussed, including the presentation of several etiologies and treatment considerations.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Mechanical and chemical root preparation in vitro: efficiency of plaque and calculus removal.

The aim of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of several different methods of root instrumentation by measuring and comparing the amount of residual stained material following treatment. Also, 2 different methods of quantitating residual stained material were compared. A total of 90 periodontally-involved teeth were extracted and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatment groups or to the untreated control group. Experimental treatments consisted of one or a combination of the following: Columbia 13-14 curet, P-10 ultrasonic instrument, diamond-coated P-10 ultrasonic instrument, or antiformin/citric acid chemical treatment. Selected samples were examined using light microscopy in order to determine the amount of cementum removed during root instrumentation. Residual stained material was quantitated using a method of grid-square analysis as well as by the use of photographs and a digitizing tablet. Following instrumentation, it was noted in histologic sections that the complete removal of cementum was rare, although all of the cementum was removed by some experimental treatments in some areas. All mechanical methods of root instrumentation were found to be essentially equal in effectiveness with respect to the removal of plaque and calculus. Chemical debridement alone was found to be ineffective. It was further noted that the grid-square method of analysis produced measurements that were 2 to 8 times higher than measurements produced by the digitizing tablet.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1991

The effects of erythrosine on alveolar bone and gingival connective tissue in dogs.

This study was conducted to determine if erythrosine had any effect when placed in contact with alveolar bone and gingival connective tissue in dogs in conjunction with a periodontal surgical procedure. Periodontal surgery was performed on 15 dogs, with a mucoperiosteal flap affording access for introduction of erythrosine (test) or saline (control) solutions, and subsequent flap replacement. The dogs were sacrificed at 2, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days. Autopsy specimens were prepared, stained, sectioned, and examined by light microscopy. The general amount, degree, and type of inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated and recorded. Erythrosine had no apparent effect on the clinical healing time, alveolar bone, or gingival connective tissue in regard to the general degree, type, and location of the inflammation infiltrate based on postsurgical observations.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1991

Implant maintenance: debridement and peri-implant home care.

Although implant maintenance is one of the most frequently overlooked areas in implantology, the success of an implant can hinge on maintenance performed at regular intervals. Prevention of peri-implant disease should be a prime motivating factor for patient and therapist involvement in a regular maintenance program.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗

PubMed1991

Hemisection of a molar tooth in a dog: an alternative to total extraction.

Hemisection is a viable option to complete extraction in those situations where a portion of a tooth can still perform in health and function after the diseased portion has been removed. A case report is presented describing the hemisection of a mandibular first molar in a dog. Indications and contraindications for the procedure are outlined.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The surface characteristics produced by various oral hygiene instruments and materials on titanium implant abutments.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the comparative surface roughness produced by various oral hygiene instruments and materials on titanium implant abutments. Ten Brånemark titanium abutment cylinders were used, with one serving as an untreated control. One abutment was used to evaluate each of nine oral hygiene instrumentation methods used for specified lengths of time or instrument strokes. Each abutment was sonically cleaned, air dried, and viewed with a scanning electron microscope. Polaroid photomicrographs were made of abutment surfaces at predetermined magnifications. They were analyzed by three investigators, who compared individual test parameters in terms of time application or stroke number. The resulting abutment surface roughness was also evaluated. The rubber cup with flour of pumice created a smoother surface than the control; the interdental brush, soft nylon toothbrush, plastic scaler, Eva plastic tip, rubber cup, and Cavi-jet left a surface comparable to the control; the metal scalers and the Cavitron created a severely roughened surface.

Dental Abutments↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gingival overgrowth with valproic acid: a case report.

A case of a nine-year-old epileptic girl with severe gingival overgrowth who had been taking valproic acid since two months of age is presented. A review of the literature and possible mechanisms for drug-induced gingival overgrowth is outlined.

Anticonvulsants↗