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Biomedical subjects

J W Scanlon

Publications and source records attributed to J W Scanlon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Protective apathy, a hypothesis about the behavioral organization and its relation to clinical and physiologic status of the preterm infant during the newborn period.

This article describes the behavioral organization and its change in relation to physiologic and clinical variables in a group of infants whose birthweight was less than 1.5 kg and who were experiencing and recovering from acute cardiorespiratory illness. The authors used the Brazelton Premature Sale, which was designed for use with a wide range of gestational ages (27 to 35 weeks). Examinations began 1 week after birth and were obtained serially during the initial recovery period of these infants.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Dexamethasone therapy for chronic lung disease in ventilator- and oxygen-dependent infants: a controlled trial.

To determine whether dexamethasone therapy altered the outcome of chronic lung disease in neonates, we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-one 30-day-old oxygen- and ventilator-dependent infants were enrolled. The mean (+/- SD) birth weight was 808.1 +/- 141 gm and the mean gestational age was 26.0 +/- 1.5 weeks. There were 17 black and 12 male infants. Twelve received placebo and nine received dexamethasone. Neither severity of early illness, birth weight, gestational age, age when treated, gender and race distribution, nor frequency of diuretic therapy differed significantly between groups. The age at extubation, 57.2 days (placebo) versus 39.4 days (steroid), was significantly different. The average oxygen requirements of the steroid-treated patients was significantly lower than for placebo-treated patients during the first 10 days of treatment. There were no differences for placebo-versus steroid-treated patients in age when weaned to room air (95.5 days vs 74.9 days), age at discharge (119 days vs 111 days), or number of deaths (2 (17%) vs 1 (11%]. Dexamethasone therapy was associated with a significantly increased incidence of hyperglycemia (89% vs 8%) but did not influence the incidence of hypertension, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, or retinopathy of prematurity. The steroid-treated patients had a significant delay in weight gain during the first 3 weeks of treatment but recovered by discharge. Our results suggest that dexamethasone produces acute improvement in infants with lung disease but no long-term effect on mortality rate, duration of oxygen requirement or age at discharge.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study of the oxytocin challenge test and newborn neurobehavioral outcome.

In a prospective study, infants of high-risk mothers delivered over a 1-year period were evaluated by clinical, biochemical, and behavioral methods. Of 67 newborns whose mothers had oxytocin challenge tests (OCTs), 54 were delivered after negative tests, and 13 after positive tests. Infants with positive OCTs had poor state organization and reflexive performance when compared with negative-OCT babies. These infants also showed evidence of intrauterine malnutrition, but did not have any greater asphyxiation than the negative OCT group. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a positive OCT implies pathological placental respiratory insufficiency, which may be superimposed, in many instances, on impairment in utero of the placenta's nutritional function. The clinical manifestation of such dysfunction is the alteration in subtle neonatal neurobehavior.

Behavior↗
PubMed1979

The effects of theophylline on renal function in the premature newborn.

The effects of aminophylline on renal function in 10 premature infants with idiopathic apnea are evaluated. The percent increases in creatinine clearance (128 +/- 339%, mean +/- SD) and sodium clearance (196 +/- 304%, mean +/- SD) are variable while the percent increase in fractional sodium excretion (69 +/- 109%, mean +/- SD) is significant. This effect is postulated to be at the proximal tubule and may be modified by the effects of postnatal age and infusion of albumin. Gestational age, birth weight, heart disease, water and sodium intake and ventilatory support did not appear to influence the results. Hyponatremia is a potential consequence of theophylline therapy for apnea.

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

Clinical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated intrauterine exposure to oxytocin: a prospective study.

A prospective investigation of 114 pregnant women compared 54 with consistently negative oxytocin challenge tests to 60 women who did not have oxytocin challenge tests but did have fetal monitoring during labor. Despite more high risk factors in the OCT group, there were no significant differences noted in the offspring. Specifically, extensive behavioral testing during the first 12 hours of life and at 3 days of age did not show any abnormalities. Furthermore, jaundice and respiratory distress were not seen more often after oxytocin exposure. These data argue that the OCT itself is without demonstrable adverse effects on the otherwise healthy fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Oral gentamicin therapy in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. A controlled double-blind trial.

The value of prophylactic oral gentamicin sulfate therapy in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was evaluated in a group of 42 high-risk neonates over a four-month period in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Twenty babies in the treatment group received 2.5 mg/kg of gentamicin sulfate every six hours for one week after birth, and 22 babies received dextrose-and-water placebo in an equivalently small volume. None of the 20 gentamicin-treated babies developed NEC. Four of the control babies did. Two of these babies died, and their diagnosis was pathologically confirmed. This difference in the incidence of NEC between the treatment and control group was significant at the .05 level. These results support the prophylactic use of orally given gentamicin for selected babies at high risk for NEC, particularly those born prematurely and those who have a history of perinatal asphyxia or umbilical artery catheterization or both. Continued surveillance for changes in antimicrobial sensitivity patterns is recommended.

Administration, Oral↗