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Biomedical subjects

J W Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to J W Simpson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Megaoesophagus secondary to acquired myasthenia gravis.

Fifteen dogs with confirmed adult onset idiopathic megaoesophagus, in which no generalised muscle weakness was observed, were tested for the presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Of these, six were found to have values greater than 0.6 nmol/litre, previously determined to be diagnostic of acquired myasthenia gravis. The mean serum titre value for these dogs was 5.59 nmol/litre (range 0.78 to 8.72 nmol/litre). It appears that a significant proportion of dogs presenting with megaoesophagus have myasthenia gravis and, if a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be instituted, clinical signs may improve.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fat absorption in dogs with demodicosis or zinc-responsive dermatosis.

Quantitative absorption of long-chain triglycerides was studied in normal dogs, dogs with demodicosis and dogs which had been successfully treated for zinc-responsive dermatosis. The mean serum triglyceride concentration of dogs treated for zinc-responsive dermatosis was significantly lower than that of normal dogs before (P less than 0.01) and at one hour (P less than 0.01) and two, three and four hours (P less than 0.001) after feeding vegetable oil. No significant difference was detected in the mean serum triglyceride concentration of dogs with demodicosis and normal dogs at any of the sampling times.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanic, white, and black children: the Brooks County and Bogalusa Heart studies.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors were studied in Hispanic children in Brooks County, Texas, and in white and black children in Bogalusa, Louisiana, in 1984-1985. The same protocols were used at both sites; examiners in Brooks County were trained by Bogalusa Heart Study staff. All blood samples were analyzed in a single laboratory standardized by the Centers for Disease Control. Hispanic children were about 4 cm shorter and were about the same weight as white and black children. Subscapular skinfolds were thickest in Hispanic children. Little difference was noted for blood pressure levels in the three ethnic groups. Total cholesterol levels were highest in black children, with a drop during puberty being noted in all of the ethnic groups. This drop with puberty appeared somewhat earlier in the Hispanic children. Lipoprotein levels for Hispanic children were, in general, similar to those noted for white children. Some of the Hispanic-black differences in lipid and lipoprotein levels could be explained by differences in body size. Because Hispanics are at increased risk for specific diseases, such as diabetes, increased study of this population is warranted. Intervention and education programs aimed at altering this risk must address the unique cultural heritage of this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of pancreatectomy on plasma activities of amylase, isoamylase, lipase and trypsin-like immunoreactivity in dogs.

The contribution of the pancreas to the plasma activities of amylase, isoamylase, lipase and the concentration of trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) in the dog was examined by measuring the activities of these enzymes before and after total pancreatectomy. Pancreatectomy was followed by a decrease in the concentration of TLI (from 6.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms litre-1 to 1.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms litre-1; P less than 0.001) and activity of isoamylase peak 4 (from 1257 +/- 105 iu litre-1 to 894 +/- 171 iu litre-1; P less than 0.05). Though significantly reduced, the activities of peak 4 isoamylase were still within the normal range for control dogs. Pancreatectomy did not significantly alter the activities of amylase, lipase or isoamylase peaks 1, 2 and 3. These findings provide strong evidence that the pancreas is not the sole source of circulating amylase, isoamylase and lipase activities. In contrast the marked reductions in TLI to values close to the limits of assay sensitivity suggest that TLI is derived from the pancreas alone. The results indicate that assay of circulating TLI provides a more sensitive and specific indicator of pancreatic exocrine mass than plasma amylase, lipase or isoamylase activities.

Amylases↗
PubMed1991

Fat absorption in dogs with diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism.

Quantitative fat absorption was studied in normal dogs and in dogs with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. The serum triglyceride concentrations of diabetic and hypothyroid dogs were significantly higher at each sampling time than those of normal dogs. The fat absorption curve of hypothyroid dogs peaked at 180 minutes and though significantly raised was parallel to that of normal dogs whereas the fat absorption curve of diabetic dogs continued to rise up to 240 minutes. These results provide evidence for impaired plasma clearance of triglyceride in canine diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Serum amylase and isoamylase values in dogs with pancreatic disease.

Serum amylase and isoamylase values were determined in three groups of dogs. The first group contained control dogs while the other groups contained dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity test was also carried out on sera from dogs with exocrine pancreatic disease (EPI). A significant difference was detected in the serum amylase values between the three groups which may be of limited diagnostic value. Dogs with EPI had values lower than normal while those with diabetes mellitus had values higher than control dogs. No evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in dogs with diabetes mellitus.

Amylases↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of fat absorption in normal dogs and in dogs with hyperadrenocorticalism.

Fat absorption was determined quantitatively in clinically normal dogs, dogs with confirmed hyperadrenocorticalism before and after treatment with mitotane (op' DDD) and in pruritic dogs before and after administration of prednisolone. Fat absorption was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in dogs with untreated hyperadrenocorticalism and pruritic dogs on prednisolone therapy than in normal dogs. It was normal in pruritic dogs before prednisolone therapy and approached normality in dogs with treated hyperadrenocorticalism. It is concluded that high circulating cortisol or prednisolone levels result in increased intestinal absorption of dietary fat possibly mediated by increased glucocorticoid induced activity of enterocytes or reduced hepatic clearance of triglycerides.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of serum iso-amylase in the normal dog using an improved electrophoretic technique.

Six iso-amylase fractions are known to exist in human serum, three originating from the salivary glands and three from the pancreas. Although it is known that a different number and source of iso-amylase fractions occur in the dog, the routine detection of all the canine iso-amylase fractions has not been previously established. Earlier methods detected either two iso-amylase fractions or, in a proportion of cases, four fractions. A method is described which detects four iso-amylase fractions in 95% of normal canine serum samples. Trials have shown the method is reproducible and that freezing at -40 degrees C has no effect on iso-amylase activity. The normal values for iso-amylase are recorded in 18 normal dogs.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic value of exfoliative cytology of body fluids in dogs and cats.

A method for collecting body fluids for cytological examination and their subsequent preparation and staining is described. The results of the cytological examination of 80 dogs and 26 cats over a period of three years are reported, indicating the number and types of condition which can be diagnosed, together with the clinicopathological correlations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic value of tissue biopsy in gastrointestinal and liver disease.

Methods are described for the endoscopic examination and biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract and liver of the dog, cat, ox and horse. The results of the examination of 41 biopsy samples are shown, followed by a discussion of the value of biopsy in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serum isoamylase values in normal dogs and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Estimations were made of the serum isoamylase values of normal dogs and of dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups in respect of the values of one of the isoamylase fractions measured. Further study has confirmed that canine salivary tissue lacks amylase activity and that the source of the isoamylase fractions was the pancreas. This knowledge has potential value in the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Arbitrary mandibular hinge axis locations.

This study compared selected arbitrary hinge axis locations with the kinematic axis location. Fifty subjects were studied, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results showed significant differences between the location of experimental arbitrary axis point and those of Beyron, Gysi, and Bergstrom in relation to the kinematic axis. The arbitrary points of Beyron, Gysi, and Bergstrom showed directional tendencies, whereas the experimental arbitrary points were evenly distributed around the kinematic axis. This study indicates that the experimental arbitrary axis point more closely and consistently approximated the kinematic axis than the arbitrary points of Beyron, Gysi, and Bergstrom. The finding suggests that the clinical use of a point on Camper's line, 10 mm from the superior border of the tragus, results in a more accurate transfer of the maxillary cast to the articulator.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The excretion of campylobacter, salmonellae and Giardia lamblia in the faeces of stray dogs.

Faecal samples were collected from impounded stray dogs, classified as under or over six months of age, on their arrival in kennels and again 5-7 days later. The faeces were examined for the presence of campylobacters, salmonella and Giardia lamblia. No significant difference was found in the rate of isolation of these organisms between the two age groups. There was, however, a significant increase in the rate of isolation at days 5-7 compared with day 1. It is suggested that while dogs may acquire campylobacter infection in kennels, excretion of the organism may be intermittent and may be precipitated by stress. A low incidence of salmonellae and Giardia lamblia excretion was detected.

Age Factors↗