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Biomedical subjects

J W Wladimiroff

Publications and source records attributed to J W Wladimiroff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cardiocirculatory adjustments during pregnancy -- an echocardiographic study.

Adaptation of the circulation to pregnancy occurs via a complicated series of changes not yet completely understood. To define pertinent alterations, echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular function were performed every 4 weeks in 13 normal pregnant women. Six weeks postpartum each women was reexamined; thus each woman served as her own nonpregnant control. Left ventricular dimensions, left venticular wall thickness, shortening fraction, and rate of change of these measurements were recorded. As expected, cardiac output was increased throughout pregnancy. Up to 20 weeks gestation this occurred via an increased heart rate. After 20 weeks gestation stroke volume increased significantly, with 20% at 20--26 weeks up to 30% at term (p < 0.01). With the end-diastolic wall thickness remaining equal, myocardial hypertrophy occurred. This was corroborated by an increase in end-systolic left ventricular wall thickness towards term: from 13.8 mm (S.D. +/- 1.73) in early pregnancy to 16.6 mm (S.D. +/- 1.62) at term, with end-systolic left ventricular dimension unchanged. It was concluded that during pregnancy the mechanism to produce a higher cardiac output shifts from an increase in cardiac frequency to elevation of stroke volume with concomitant myocardial hypertrophy. Due to changes in heart rate and afterload, no conclusions could be drawn regarding myocardial contractility.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Effect of amniotomy on fetal breathing movements.

Fetal breathing movements were recorded by real-time ultrasound before and after artificial rupture of the membranes. Fifteen normal pregnancies between 39 and 41 weeks gestation were studied. A significant increase in breathing incidence and maximum breathing rate was observed in the first 10 minutes after amniotomy.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonic assessment of fetal head and body sizes in relation to normal and retarded fetal growth.

Data on consecutive ultrasonic measurements of fetal biparietal diameter (B.P.D.) and fetal chest area in 303 normal and 84 small-for-dates fetuses are presented. Duration of pregnancy varied from 24 to 41 weeks. A normal curve of the fetal B.P.D., chest area, and head-to-chest ratio was constructed. At 24 weeks mean fetal B.P.D. was 6.29 cm., mean fetal chest area was 24.9 sq. cm., and mean head-to-chest ratio was 1.59. At 41 weeks the mean values were 9.81 cm., 92.4 sq. cm., and 1.05, respectively. In the group of small-for-dates fetuses, a normal head-to-chest ratio was almost always associated with early onset of fetal growth retardation whereas in the majority of fetuses with increased head-to-chest ratios, growth retardation appeared to have started only in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonic diagnosis of the large-for-dates infant.

Data on consecutive measurement of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and fetal chest area in 42 normal weight infants (birthweight 10--90th percentile) and 30 large-for-dates (birthweight above the 90th percentile) are presented. Pregnancy duration varied from 32 to 40 weeks. In the normal weight group fetal BPD and chest area were above the 95th percentile fo the normal curve in 7% and 5% of the cases; in the large-for-dates group the figures were 7% and 47%. Head to chest ratio fell below the fifth percentile of the normal curve in 53% of the large-for-dates against only 2% of the normal weight infants. In the detection of the large-for-dates infant ultrasonic measurement of fetal chest area appears to be superior to ultrasonic measurement of fetal BPD.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonic assessment of liver size in the newborn.

In 141 newborn infants ultrasonic measurements of liver area was performed on the third postnatal day. The liver area was represented by a cross section of the liver at the level where the portal vein entered the organ. There was a linear increase in liver area from 26.8 cm2 at 37 weeks' gestation to 33.0 cm2 at 41 weeks' gestation. Measurement of liver area does not provide more accurate information on fetal size than upper abdominal circumference in the last weeks of pregnancy. Measurement of fetal head circumference is distinctly less accurate in the assen. In May 1977, progrma payments totaled about +840 million a month.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Relationship between fetal urine production and amniotic fluid volume in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by diabetes.

The hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) was calculated from ultrasonic measurements of fetal bladder volume. A normal HFUPR reference curve, constructed from measurements in 189 normal pregnancies between 24 and 42 weeks gestation, showed a rapid increase of HFUPR from 3-3 to 24-4 ml up to 40 weeks followed by a slight decline. The amniotic fluid volume was estimated by the p-aminohippuric acid method within 12 hours of HFUPR measurements. In 67 normal pregnancies, there was no relationship between HFUPR and amniotic fluid volume measured between 36 and 41 weeks gestation. In 12 patients with fetal growth retardation, a relationship was found between reduced fetal urinary output and low amniotic fluid volume between 36 and 38 weeks gestation. In the 16 diabetic patients studied between 28 and 40 weeks gestation, there was no relationship between HFUPR (within or below normal range) and the high amniotic fluid volume (above 1500 ml in 13 patients). The implication of these findings are discussed.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonic assessment of fetal growth.

Consecutive ultrasonic measurement of fetal biparietal diameter (B.P.D.) and fetal chest area was carried out in 152 normal and 59 complicated pregnancies between 25 and 40 weeks of gestation. In normal pregnancy the mean fetal head area (B.P.D.2) varied from 45.0 cm2 at 25 weeks to 98.0 cm2 at 40 weeks. The mean chest area varied from 31.3 cm2 at 25 weeks to 94.3 cm2 at 41 weeks. A normal curve of the head-to-chest relation was constructed. In the group of complicated pregnancies, two types of fetal growth retardation could be recognized. The first type was characterized by a normal head-to-chest relationship (symmetric type), the second type was characterized by an abnormal head-to-chest relationship (asymmetric type; relatively large head area). During fetal growth acceleration head-to-chest-relationship was abnormal (relatively large chest area).

Female↗
PubMed1976

Combined one- and two-dimensional ultrasound system for monitoring fetal breathing movements.

A combined one- and two-dimensional ultrasonic system for monitoring respiratory movements in the human fetus has been developed. A real-time cross-sectional image of the fetal chest at the level of the fetal heart can be obtained, and a time motion recording of fetal respiratory movements can then be written on a strip-chart recorder. Combining the features of one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems produces an accurate means of investigating fetal breathing movements.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1976

Ultrasonic diagnosis of placenta membranacea.

In this paper the first known case is presented in which an antepartum diagnosis of placenta membranacea was made by ultrasound. A multiparous woman is presented with intermittent painless vaginal bleeding in the second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasonic examination at 20 weeks' gestation revealed a gestational sac almost completely covered with placental tissue. At 26 weeks the patient delivered a dead, growth retarded and an almost complete placenta membranacea.

Adult↗