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Biomedical subjects

J Wüst

Publications and source records attributed to J Wüst.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Anthrax meningitis].

Anthrax meningitis may complicate cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax, although it occurs in less than 5% of patients. Between 1935 and 1985 60 cases of human anthrax were notified in Switzerland. This report of a fatal case in a 54-year-old woman is the third case of inhalation anthrax and the second of meningeal complication with cortical hemorrhages in our country. There was no known source of infection. The clinical, microbiological and histopathological profile, therapy and prognosis are presented.

Anthrax↗
PubMed1985

[Sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to therapeutic agents (Zurich 1984)].

There are several reports in the literature on resistance of anaerobic bacteria against antimicrobial agents. Therefore, 231 anaerobic strains of various bacterial genera, isolated from clinical specimens during fall 1984, were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents active against anaerobic bacteria. Whereas 23% of the Bacteroides species not belonging to the B. fragilis group were resistant to penicillin, the anaerobic bacteria were still susceptible to chloramphenicol, clindamycin and the nitroimidazoles. The resistance rate against the various new beta-lactam antibiotics was comparable to results of other studies. Due to the increasing resistance it is recommended that the susceptibility of clinically important anaerobes be tested by appropriate techniques. The agar diffusion test must not be used due to unreliable results. Instead, the minimal inhibitory concentration should be determined or the "broth-disk" test performed.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1985

[2 strains of pneumococci with reduced penicillin sensitivity in Switzerland].

There are numerous reports on resistance or decreased susceptibility of pneumococci to penicillin. Recently, two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated for the first time in Zurich with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.25 and 1.0 mg penicillin G per liter, respectively. One strain was also resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline; both isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In view of this emergent resistance, routine susceptibility testing of clinically significant pneumococci is to be recommended. However, in the agar diffusion test the use of a penicillin disk may produce false-susceptible results, and therefore the susceptibility test should be performed with a disk containing oxacillin.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1982

[Sensitivity of bacteria to chemotherapeutic agents (Zurich 1980). Part I. Bacteria isolated from hospital patients].

The frequency with which various bacteria are isolated from samples of hospitalized patients and the occurrence of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents in these bacteria are described. Data were collected and summarized by an electronic data processing system. Sensitivity data were obtained with the disc diffusion test carried out by the Bauer/Kirby method. E. coli and S. aureus were the most frequently isolated organisms. Pseudomonas sp. (in 90% Pseud. aeruginosa) took second place behind E. coli among gramnegative rod bacteria. As a rule more than 50% of grampositive and gramnegative bacteria were sensitive to betalactam antibiotics and broad spectrum agents. Aminocyclitols were the most potent drugs. Strains resistant to netilmicin or amikacin were only exceptionally observed. A comparison of the occurrence of sensitive bacteria from 1975 to 1980 revealed that with rare exceptions no decrease of sensitivity to standard drug occurred in E. coli, the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, Pseudo. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Sensitivity of bacteria to chemotherapeutic agents (Zurich 1980). Part II. Bacteria isolated from outpatients].

The frequency with which grampositive and gramnegative bacteria sensitive to antimicrobial agents are isolated from outpatients is reported. The data were obtained by the standardized Bauer/Kirby technique. Most of the strains examined proved to be sensitive to various betalactam antibiotics, to the tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Aminocyclitols were the most potent drugs. No decrease in sensitivity to standard agents was observed from 1975 to 1980 in E. coli and S. aureus, the most frequently isolated organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Investigation of an outbreak of antibiotic-associated colitis by various typing methods.

During an outbreak of diarrheal disease due to Clostridium difficile in a surgical ward, 16 C. difficile isolates were cultured from fecal samples of 15 patients. Agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of plasmid DNA, crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of extracellular antigens and toxins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for analyses of soluble proteins, assays for cytotoxicity, and a comparison of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents were employed. At least 12 of the 16 isolates were shown to be phenotypically the same strain. These findings suggest that in a hospital setting, diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile can be of nosocomial origin and that they can spread from patient to patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Mild spontaneous course of a case of pseudomembranous colitis. Case report and literature review].

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium difficile is described in the literature as a severe diarrheal disease with a high mortality rate. A case which tends to absolve PMC from this reputation is reported involving an outpatient who developed well documented PMC subsequent to ampicillin therapy but required no treatment. The number of unreported cases of antibiotic-associated colitis with and without pseudomembrane formation is probably very high, since only severe cases of diarrhea are thoroughly investigated. In a chronological literature review an attempt is made to update the nomenclature of antibiotic-associated colitis. There are recent reports of a connection between the Clostridium difficile toxin and the chronic inflammatory "non-bacterial" intestinal diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The authors finally consider whether in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea efforts should be made to isolate Clostridium difficile and/or demonstrate the presence of its toxin, for the purposes of prognosis and therapy.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

[Bacteriological diagnosis of anaerobic infections].

To avoid false positive results it is very important that specimens for culture of anaerobic bacteria are not contaminated with normal flora from the skin or mucous membranes (mouth, intestinal tract, genital tract). The specimen should be transported to the laboratory as fast as possible without exposure to oxygen. Liquid specimens, such as aspirates, are superior to swabs. For rapid presumptive diagnosis suitable methods are gram stain and direct gas-liquid chromatography for fatty acids. Culture is laborious and time-consuming.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

[Rapid diagnosis of anaerobic infections by means of the direct gaschromatographic study of clinical materials].

Current methods for isolation and identification of obligately anaerobic bacteria are laborious and time-consuming. Direct gas-liquid chromatography of purulent and serous specimens for short-chain fatty acids allows a presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic infection. Good correlation was found for the cultural recovery of anaerobic bacteria and the presence of propionic acid in concentrations of greater than or equal to 1 muMol/ml, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, isocaproic and caproic acid at greater than or equal to 0.1 muMol/ml, and succinic acid at greater than or equal to 2 muMol/ml (either as single acids or in combination). Specimens yielding no anaerobic bacteria in culture contained only acetic, lactic and small amounts of succinic acid, but none of the volatile acids.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

In vitro susceptibility of anaerobes to co-trimoxazole.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim against 144 strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria were determined on supplemented Diagnostic Sensitivity Test (Oxoid) agar or broth. 58% of the strains were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole alone (MIC less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml), only 12% were susceptible to trimethoprim alone (less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml), and 85% were susceptible to the combination of sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim (less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) at a ratio of 19:1. All 45 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group were susceptible to the combination. At a ratio of 1:1, 78% of the strains showed synergistic activity, at a ratio of 16:1 there were synergism in 54% of the strains. When the strains were tested by a modification of the broth-disc method in Diagnostic Sensitivity Test broth, there was over 98% correlation with the MIC. There was poor correlation between inhibition zone diameters by an agar diffusion method and MIC.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

[Determination of serum and saliva concentrations of clindamycin (Dalacin C) and amoxicillin (Clamoxyl)].

The antibiotic therapy of oral infections requires bactericidal concentrations in the oral environment over sufficient time. Comparable determination of antibiotica concentration in the saliva of 8 human volunteers were made after oral application of Amoxycillin and Clindamycin. Only Clindamycin showed inhibitory concentrations.--When pharmacokinetic characteristics and the present status of resistance were considered, Clindamycin is viewed as an antibiotic of choice for oral infections.

Amoxicillin↗