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Biomedical subjects

J Wade

Publications and source records attributed to J Wade.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sexual dimorphisms in the soma size of neurons in the brain of whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus species).

Soma area was significantly larger in the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area of male than female Cnemidophorus inornatus, and it was significantly larger in females than males in the ventromedial hypothalamus. These results parallel those on the volume of the brain areas in these animals, and therefore probably explain at least part of the dimorphisms seen in this sexually reproducing species. Soma size in parthenogenetic C. uniparens also parallels volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An electronic method for measuring joint tenderness in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To test the precision of a new electronic method for measuring joint tenderness. METHOD: Joint tenderness was measured in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, using an electronic dolorimeter. The results were compared with joint tenderness counts, which were made according to the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) methods. RESULTS: The intra-observer variability using the electronic method was significantly decreased compared with the conventional ARA joint tenderness counts. CONCLUSION: The electronic method is more efficient for use in clinical trials than is the conventional ARA joint tenderness count.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

An assessment of regeneration across peripheral nerve allografts in rats receiving short courses of cyclosporin A immunosuppression.

While peripheral nerve reconstruction could benefit from the use of nerve allografts, long term immunosuppression for non-vital organ transplantation is controversial. This study investigated the effectiveness of short course Cyclosporin A immunosuppression. Fourteen Lewis (RT1l) rats were the recipients of 3 cm sciatic nerve grafts from ACI (RT1a) donors, repaired to the transected sciatic nerve of the recipient animal. Animals were treated with Cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Neuromuscular function was assessed every two weeks by sciatic function index determinations until 20 weeks. Electrophysiological, histological and morphological evaluations were performed at 14 (n = 6) and 20 weeks (n = 8) postengraftment. Rats had significantly improving functional studies from four to eight weeks (P = 0.01). Function decreased following cessation of Cyclosporin A treatment. Rats evaluated at 14 weeks had histological evidence of graft rejection with inflammatory cell infiltration, extensive demyelination and remyelination, and some Wallerian degeneration. Rats demonstrated improvement in morphological parameters and motor function from 14 to 20 weeks after engraftment. In this sciatic nerve allograft model, short course Cyclosporin A immunosuppression, although resulting in an initial episode of graft rejection, was successful in permitting good long term functional regeneration of neuromuscular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The peripheral nerve allograft in the primate immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A: I. Histologic and electrophysiologic assessment.

Nerve regeneration across peripheral nerve allografts and control autografts in primates immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A was quantitatively evaluated by electrophysiologic and histologic methods. Twelve cynomolgus monkeys received 3-cm autografts and allografts in contralateral ulnar nerves. They were immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A at 25 mg/kg per day or placebo vehicle. Morphometric analysis of nerve graft and distal nerve segments was assessed at 1 year after engraftment. Quantitative electrophysiologic studies were performed percutaneously at 6 and 12 months, and compound action potentials were measured directly across the nerve grafts at 1 year. Excellent regeneration was seen across autografts and allografts in Cyclosporin A-treated and placebo-treated recipients.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

The ability of schizophrenics to perceive and cope with negative affect.

Thirty-four schizophrenic patients in an acute in-patient hospital were compared with 24 in-patients with major affective disorder and 19 non-patient controls on a role-play test of social skills and a test of affect perception. The role-play test consisted of 12 simulated conversations in which the subject was confronted by parents and friends expressing high-EE criticism or non-critical dissatisfaction. Schizophrenic patients lacked assertiveness and social skills in all conditions, but they did not show any differential impairment when presented with high EE. They consistently lied and denied errors rather than responding assertively or apologizing, whether confronted with high-EE or benign criticisms. On the affect perception test, schizophrenic patients consistently underestimated the intensity or negativeness of negative emotions, but they were not deficient in perception of positive emotional displays. The data do not support the hypothesis that schizophrenic patients are poor at dealing with high-EE behaviours, but do indicate that their ability to cope with even mild negative affect is impaired. Possible explanations for this impairment include limited attentional capacity, a neurologically based perceptual deficit, and a self-protective mechanism to reduce or avoid stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Ten year survival of a patient with advanced pulmonary hypertension and mixed connective tissue disease treated with immunosuppressive therapy.

Pulmonary hypertension is the most frequent cause of death in patients with mixed connective tissue disease. The pulmonary hypertension is progressive and difficult to treat effectively. These patients experience considerable morbidity secondary to diminished cardiac function. We describe a case in which sequential administration of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A favorably altered the clinical and hemodynamic course of this serious complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Residual efficacy of pirimiphos methyl (Actellic) on Anopheles sacharovi in Cukurova, Turkey.

Village-scale trials of 50% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and 40% wettable powder (WP) formulations of pirimiphos methyl (Actellic) were carried out against Anopheles sacharovi in Cukurova, Turkey. Susceptibility tests with wild caught, gonoactive and composite aged An. sacharovi over a range of chemical concentrations resulted in 100% mortality after exposure for 60 min to a 0.5% active ingredient concentration. Surface treatments of Actellic 50% EC at 0.9 g/m2 caused a significant decrease in parous rate and a 96.9% reduction in resting density. Persistence on concrete, wood, zinc and plywood was still high at the time of the second spray round, more than 7 wk postspray and ranged from 73% (zinc) to 98% (plywood). More than 50% mortality was still recorded 8 wk postspray using 1.6 g/m2 WP on wood, plywood, zinc and thatch substrates.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1991

The conformation of porcine-brain natriuretic peptide by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Two-dimensional (2D) 1H-NMR spectra of porcine-brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP) have been recorded at 300 MHz and 400 MHz. Peak assignments have been made and the combined information from chemical shifts, coupling constants, temperature coefficients and NOEs have been used to determine the conformational properties of pBNP in (C2H3)2SO. Overall the peptide appears to be flexible, with the possibility of some beta-type structure near the C terminus. Some of the assignments and deduced structural features in the current study differ from those in a recent report by Inooka et al. [Inooka, H., Kikuchi, T., Endo, S., Ishibashi, Y., Wakimasu, M. and Mizuta, E. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 193, 127-134] which may indicate the sensitivity of the structure of this peptide to differences in solution conditions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between reproductive state and "sexually" dimorphic brain areas in sexually reproducing and parthenogenetic whiptail lizards.

The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus are sexually dimorphic in the reproductively active whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus inornatus. The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area, which is involved in the control of male-typical copulatory behaviors, is larger in males, whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus, which is involved in the control of female-typical receptivity, is larger in females. In the parthenogenetic whiptail lizard C. uniparens, which is a direct descendant of C. inornatus and exhibits both male-like and female-like pseudosexual behaviors, both brain areas are comparable in size to those of female C. inornatus. This study was conducted to determine whether these brain areas change in size in either species or sex during a time of year when these animals are reproductively inactive, or after removal of the gonads. In male C. inornatus both brain areas changed during reproductive inactivity (either seasonally or surgically induced) and became equivalent to the size characteristic of reproductively active female C. inornatus. When corrected for brain size, the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area was significantly smaller in intact hibernating and castrated males than in intact males from the summer breeding season. Conversely, the ventromedial hypothalamus was significantly larger in intact hibernating and castrated males than in intact males from the summer breeding season. The two brain areas were not significantly different among the groups of female C. inornatus or parthenogenetic C. uniparens. These results suggest that 1) the brain of whiptail lizards may differentiate seasonally and 2) the female state may be a neutral one to which the male brain reverts during reproductive inactivity.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

The effects of intracranial implantation of estrogen on receptivity in sexually and asexually reproducing female whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus inornatus and Cnemidophorus uniparens.

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is an important site in the neuroendocrine control of sexual receptivity in mammals. This study was conducted to determine if the VMH was also involved in estrogen induction of receptivity in whiptail lizards. Estradiol benzoate (EB) was implanted into the VMH of ovariectomized Cnemidophorus inornatus, a sexually reproducing species, and C. uniparens, a parthenogenetic species which displays "pseudosexual" behaviors similar to the sexual behaviors typical of both male and female C. inornatus. In both species, EB was significantly more effective in eliciting receptivity when implanted in the VMH than in other locations in the brain. These results support the idea that, as in mammals, the VMH is an important location of estrogen action in the control of receptive behaviors in both sexually and asexually reproducing whiptail lizards.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy evaluation of physostigmine and anticholinergic adjuncts as a pretreatment for nerve agent intoxication.

Pretreatment of nonhuman primates with physostigmine (Phy) and scopolamine or physostigmine and trihexyphenidyl 25 min before exposure to 2 LD50 soman im resulted in complete survival without convulsions or loss of consciousness. When identically pretreated animals were challenged with 5 LD50s of soman followed by atropine and 2-PAM therapy 1 min later, all animals experienced a loss of consciousness for approximately 10 min followed by functional recovery within an additional 20 min. These findings indicated that a pretreatment regimen composed of Phy and cholinolytic is capable of protecting primates from an absolute lethal dose of soman with rapid recovery from incapacitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Medical-legal concerns among Canadian anaesthetists.

This paper reports the results of a national survey of anaesthetists which was undertaken to determine the effect of liability concerns on the practice of anaesthesia. Four hundred seventy-six anaesthetists from four regions (East, Quebec, Ontario and the West) (overall usable response rate of 73.3 per cent) responded to a series of questions on sources of liability information, changes in practice patterns over the past five years, changes in style of practice and attitudes towards the physician-patient relationship and to medical-legal concerns. The major findings were that the respondents rated liability concerns as the first or second most important reason for making major changes in their practice. Some of the changes in practice were related to increased use of monitoring, more time spent with patients discussing the risks of anaesthesia and increased documentation. On the negative side, respondents had decreased the administration of obstetrical and paediatric anaesthesia and were ordering more laboratory tests and x-rays. The majority of respondents agreed that the physician-patient relationship has suffered in recent years and physicians who had been in practice for longer periods of time were more likely to be dissatisfied and to consider leaving the field of medicine. However, the survey could not show a cause-and-effect relationship between claimed practice changes and fear of litigation.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

Sexually dimorphic areas in the brain of whiptail lizards.

The whiptail lizard species Cnemidophorus inornatus exhibits sexually dimorphic mating behaviors. We report that complementary sexual dimorphisms exist in two hypothalamic regions in male and female C. inornatus. The anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area (AH-POA), which is involved in male-typical mounting and intromission behaviors, is larger in males. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), which controls female-typical receptivity, is larger in females. The all-female whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens, a direct descendant of C. inornatus, regularly and reliably displays both male-like mounting and female-like receptive (pseudosexual) behaviors. Rather than having a male-like AH-POA, however, the AH-POA as well as the VMH of C. uniparens resemble that of female C. inornatus. The biological basis of pseudosexual behavior in the parthenogen appears to be due to an unusual sensitivity to ovarian progesterone rather than to a difference in brain morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transient ischaemic attacks.

Transient ischaemic attacks carry an increased risk of subsequent stroke, but death is more likely to result from myocardial infarction than from cerebral causes. Modification of risk factors, medical treatment and surgical intervention all have a role in management.

Anticoagulants↗