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Biomedical subjects

J Walburn

Publications and source records attributed to J Walburn.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Systematic review of patient and nurse attitudes to depot antipsychotic medication.

BACKGROUND: Depot antipsychotic medication is used widely in the treatment and prophylaxis of severe mental illness. AIMS: To review the literature on patient and nurse satisfaction with, and attitudes towards, depots. METHOD: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library was undertaken, along with citation searches. Studies were selected if satisfaction/attitude data were described in the title or abstract and original data were included. Study quality was rated. RESULTS: The search produced 1374 articles; 22 articles met the inclusion criteria, 18 of which were cross-sectional surveys. Of the 12 studies with relevant data, 10 conveyed a positive opinion of depot medication. Five out of six studies comparing depot with oral medication showed patient preference for depot. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality data examining patient and nurse attitudes regarding depot antipsychotics are sparse. What data there are show a positive attitude to depots from patients. Future randomised controlled trials should include satisfaction as an outcome.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Body dysmorphic disorder: a cognitive behavioural model and pilot randomised controlled trial.

A cognitive behavioural model of body image is presented with specific reference to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We make specific hypotheses from the model for testing BDD patients in comparison with: (i) patients with "real" disfigurements who seek cosmetic surgery; (ii) subjects with "real" disfigurements who are emotionally well adjusted; and (iii) healthy controls without any defect. There have been no randomised controlled trials of treatment for BDD and therefore the model has clear implications for the development of cognitive behavioural therapy. This was evaluated in a pilot controlled trial. Nineteen patients were randomly allocated to either cognitive behaviour therapy or a waiting list control group over 12 weeks. There were no significant pre-post differences on any of the measures in the waiting list group. There were significant changes in the treated group on specific measures of BDD and depressed mood. Cognitive behaviour therapy should be further evaluated in a larger controlled trial in comparison with another psychological treatment such as interpersonal therapy and pharmacotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Body dysmorphic disorder. A survey of fifty cases.

BACKGROUND: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) consists of a preoccupation with an 'imagined' defect in appearance which causes significant distress or impairment in functioning. There has been little previous research into BDD. This study replicates a survey from the USA in a UK population and evaluates specific measures of BDD. METHOD: Cross-sectional interview survey of 50 patients who satisfied DSM-IV criteria for BDD as their primary disorder. RESULTS: The average age at onset was late adolescence and a large proportion of patients were either single or divorced. Three-quarters of the sample were female. There was a high degree of comorbidity with the most common additional Axis l diagnosis being either a mood disorder (26%), social phobia (16%) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (6%). Twenty-four per cent had made a suicide attempt in the past. Personality disorders were present in 72% of patients, the most common being paranoid, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive. CONCLUSIONS: BDD patients had a high associated comorbidity and previous suicide attempts. BDD is a chronic handicapping disorder and patients are not being adequately identified or treated by health professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nebraska family practitioners' infant feeding recommendations.

The authors conducted an anonymous survey of 220 Nebraska family and general practitioners' attitudes and practice recommendations for infant feeding. Most practitioners' attitudes reflect published American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines regarding using commercial formula for bottle-feeding babies rather than evaporated milk-based formulations. Ninety-two per cent agreed with recommendations relating to the need for fluoride supplementation when fluoride was unavailable in the water supply and 93% agreed that whole cow's milk was inappropriate in the infant's first year. Another 68% felt similarly about evaporated milk formulas. However, 32% of board certified and 53% of nonboard certified physicians continue to believe that early solid foods will reduce night waking. In 80% of the cases, practice recommendations disagreed with AAP guidelines by prescribing vitamin supplements for bottle-feeding babies receiving proprietary infant formulas. Additionally, two-thirds of the practitioners recommended unnecessary water complements and 62% suggested formula supplementation for breastfeeding babies. Solid foods and whole cow's milk for both breastfeeding and bottle-feeding babies often were recommended earlier than the second half of the first year.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of urinary protein excretion in the adolescent: effect of body position and exercise.

We examined the effects of body position and exercise on the random urinary protein/creatinine ratio (Up/Ucr) in healthy adolescents, to provide reference data to be used in a simplified evaluation of proteinuria. Random urine samples were obtained during recumbency and after both ambulation and exercise in 116 subjects. The Up/Ucr was significantly (P less than 0.0001) higher with increasing levels of activity, and was widely variable, especially during the upright and postexercise periods. No sex-related differences in Up/Ucr were noted, except during recumbency, when values were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in females. The urinary dipstick was found to be less sensitive as a tool to define abnormal degrees of recumbent proteinuria. We conclude that body position and exercise have significant effects on protein excretion, and suggest that the Up/Ucr in recumbent and upright urine samples will be useful in the evaluation of proteinuria.

Adolescent↗