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Biomedical subjects

J Welte

Publications and source records attributed to J Welte.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Alcohol and gambling pathology among U.S. adults: prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and demographic distribution of problem gambling, pathological gambling, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in the United States, and to examine the co-occurrence of gambling pathology and alcohol pathology in the United States. METHOD: A representative sample (N = 2,638) of U.S. adults age 18 and older was surveyed in the year 2000 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Respondents' gambling pathology and alcohol dependence were assessed by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). RESULTS: Current pathological gambling had an overall prevalence of 1.3% as measured by the DIS and 1.9% as measured by the SOGS, with a higher prevalence among minorities and lower socioeconomic status (SES) respondents. Current and lifetime alcohol pathology was more common among males and young adults than among females and older adults. Current pathological gambling and alcohol dependence were correlated, and the highest correlation was found among higher SES respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of current pathological gambling in the United States is higher than reported in past surveys. Minorities and lower SES Americans have higher than average rates of current pathological gambling. However, when higher SES persons are classified as current pathological gamblers, they are more likely than lower SES persons to be dependent on alcohol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adolescent perceptions of help-seeking resources for substance abuse.

Adolescent perceptions of help-seeking social resources (e.g., parents, friends, school counselor, clergyman) they would utilize if they were having substance abuse difficulties were investigated for samples of early and middle adolescents. 8 different perceived help-seeking categories were identified, and intergroup comparisons were made with regard to gender and ethnic/racial group and with regard to alcohol consumption, substance-related problems, and school misconduct. 2 perceived help-seeking categories had the highest levels of problem behaviors. The first category consisted of adolescents who identified friends as the only social resource they would utilize if they were having substance abuse problems. The second category, referred to as social isolates, indicated that they would not utilize any social resource if they were having substance abuse problems. There were approximately twice as many male social isolates as female social isolates, and blacks and Hispanics were highly overrepresented in the social isolate category.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Causal models of adolescent substance use: an examination of gender differences using distribution-free estimators.

On the basis of previous literature (Hays, Widaman, DiMatteo, & Stacey, 1987; Huba, Wingard, & Bentler, 1981), four alternative causal models of substance use were specified, estimated, and evaluated for adequacy of statistical fit for samples of White male (N = 9,164) and female (N = 8,421) adolescents. Results supported the adequacy of a four-variable simplex model, in which alcohol use predicted marijuana use, and marijuana use predicted enhancer and dampener hard drug use. The four-variable simplex model was robust across the male and female adolescent samples. In addition, we found comparisons of maximum likelihood and asymptotically distribution-free estimators to be relatively robust across the causal models specified with respect to the magnitude of the parameter estimates, and with respect to the significance levels of the critical ratios, although chi-square model fit statistics for the maximum likelihood estimates were highly inflated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Training-induced changes in serum lipids, fat tolerance, and adipose tissue metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Ten males (mean age 44 years) with primary hypertriglyceridemia were trained for 4 months 3 times/week for 1-h sessions. Eleven patients with similar physical characteristics and hypertriglyceridemia served as controls. Serum was assayed for TG and cholesterol (CH) and the various lipoprotein fractions, apoprotein A-I, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. The removal of TG from the circulation was estimated by the Intralipid test. An open fat biopsy was taken and the incorporation and esterification of [14C]palmitate and glycerol release were measured in vitro. Following endurance physical training, serum TG and VLDL-TG decreased by 25 and 27%, respectively. No changes were observed in total CH and CH in the lipoprotein fractions or in apoprotein A-I. Fat tolerance increased slightly (+8%) whereas the incorporation of labelled palmitate into adipose tissue was reduced by 16%. The diminished incorporation was concomitant with a reduction in the esterification of fatty acids to TG (-29%). Enhanced removal of TG may contribute to the lowering of serum TG. The skeletal muscle is probably responsible for this adaptation, whereas the uptake of TG into adipose tissue is diminished.

Adipose Tissue↗