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J Wilding

Publications and source records attributed to J Wilding.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Altered expression and function of E-cadherin in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

HECD-1 monoclonal antibody has been used to localize E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule, in microwave-treated, paraffin-embedded sections from 53 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (11 CIN I, 22 CIN II, and 20 CIN III), 16 invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas, and seven metastases. In normal cervix, E-cadherin was expressed on the cell membrane of basal and parabasal cells. Cytoplasmic staining was present in occasional basal cells only. In CIN, the presence and localization of cytoplasmic E-cadherin were found to be significantly correlated with the grade of the CIN lesion. In squamous cell carcinomas, reduced membranous and increased cytoplasmic staining was seen with worsening differentiation. Loss of membranous E-cadherin expression was also detected in 4/7 metastatic deposits. E-cadherin expression (120 kD form on Western blotting) was seen in human cervical carcinoma cell lines (HT3, ME180, C4I, Caski) that maintained the ability to aggregate in a homotypic adhesion assay and showed a typical epithelial morphology. E-cadherin-negative cell lines (Hela, SiHa, C33A) did not show adhesion. HOG-1 was the only E-cadherin-negative cell line which showed a significant degree of cell-cell aggregation. These data indicate that loss of membranous E-cadherin expression may represent one of the abnormalities underlying loss of cell polarity and differentiation which characterize CIN and invasive cervical cancer.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1989

Relations between reading and musical abilities.

In two studies, groups of children with a wide range of reading ability and including a high proportion of poor readers were given Bentley's musical ability battery. Scores on tonal memory and chord analysis were related significantly to reading age with chronological age and IQ partialled out. The implications of these findings for views about component skills involved in reading and listening to music are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1982

Hemispheric differences in matching Stroop-type letter stimuli.

Two experiments are reported in which normal right-handed males and females had to match two Stroop-type letter stimuli, according to either their global level (Experiment 1) or their local level (Experiment 2). Stimulus presentation was sequential with the first letter presented foveally and the second letter presented to either the right visual field (RVF) or the left visual field (LVF). A manual "Same-Different" response was required. In Experiment 1, the left hemisphere (RVF) showed interference from the irrelevant local level features, supporting an analytic processing mechanism, while the right hemisphere (LVF) showed no such effect, supporting a holistic matching mechanism. In Experiment 2, both hemispheres showed interference from the irrelevant global features, with the right showing a non-significant tendency towards a larger Stroop effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of forward and backward masking by flash on apparent size.

Subjects observed a briefly exposed square and set a variable square to match its size. In experiment 1 the square was black or white and was preceded or followed by a flash of light. The preceding adaptation field was complete darkness or an illuminated field. Marked underestimation of size occurred when flash followed the square in all conditions, compared with trials with no flash. Preceding flash produced a small reversal of this effect, the extent of which depended on whether the square was black or white. Absence of an illuminated adaptation field reduced estimates in all conditions except those where flash preceded the square. In experiment 2, a black square was used, and the stimulus duration and the interval between stimulus and flash were varied. No significant effects were found with preceding flash. When flash followed the square, apparent size increased linearly over the first 300 ms with the logarithm of the interval between onset of the square and onset of the flash, then levelled off. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the reduction in apparent size occurred with figure and interfering flash delivered to the same eye but not with dichoptic interference. The results are explained by reference to a suggestion of Georgeson that the optimum frequency of spatially tuned receptors decreases in impoverished viewing conditions. Hence the presented figures trigger receptors which normally are responsive to smaller figures, and the presented figures are therefore categorized as being smaller than they really are.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Noise effects in free recall with different orienting tasks.

Subjects were shown either a list of non-associated words or a list on which words could be organized into related groups. In Expt 1 either no orienting instructions were given or subjects had to rate the words for Pleasantness (semantic orienting task). The three-way interaction of noise x list type x orienting task was significant. Eighty-five dBC white noise compared with 65 dBC improved performance on the non-associated list with no orienting task and increased recall in the original sequence, but had the reverse effect with semantic orienting. With the associated list noise had no marked effects in the non-orienting condition, and improved performance in the orienting condition. It is concluded that in noise maintenance rehearsal tends to be adopted unless instructions induce an alternative strategy, and in the latter event noise reinforces use of the alternative strategy. In Expt 2, all subjects carried out a physical orienting task, rating the words for the sounds they contained. Noise aided performance on the non-associated list and impaired it on the associated list. This result is taken to be compatible with the above interpretation of noise effects.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Effects of subvocal suppression, articulating aloud and noise on sequence recall.

Subjects were required to reproduce in order a sequence of five letters; the set of letters was known so only memory for sequence was tested. Experiment 1 showed that suppressing subvocal rehearsal by saying 'the' continously during list presentation and until recall depressed performance to the same level on acoustically confusable and non-confusable lists. Listening to 85 dBC white noise during list presentation improved performance on acoustically confusable lists in non-suppression conditions and had no effect in suppression conditions. The result refutes the hypothesis that noise suppresses inner speech. Expts 2, 3 and 4 showed that articulating the items aloud during list presentation and until recall improved performance when lists were presented at 1/2 s per item and depressed it when they were presented at 2 s per item. Improvement occurred under 85 dBC white noise in Expts 2 and 4, but the improvement was only significant in non-articulation conditions. It is suggested that noise increases subvocal articulation and that both noise and articulation increase maintenance rehearsal at the expense of elaboration rehearsal.

Arousal↗
PubMed1979

Semantic interference from subliminal stimuli in a dichoptic viewing situation.

In Expt 1 subjects named words, shapes or colours presented to one eye while words or shapes were presented to the other eye subliminally. The subliminal stimuli were found to slow naming responses when they had the same name as the stimulus to be named or a closely related name, compared with random letter strings or blank cards. This result was replicated in a second experiment which also included unrelated words as subliminal stimuli. On these trials latencies were midway between those for trials with blank cards or random letter strings as the subliminal stimuli, and trials with the same name or a closely related name as the subliminal stimuli. The results imply that stimuli related in meaning compete for common analysing mechanisms.

Attention↗
PubMed1979

Differential effects of noise and incentives on learning.

Three experiments are reported. In the first, monetary incentives improved the learning of nonsense words in response to colours only when the test order was the same as presentation order. In the second, incentives increased the recall of spatial location which served as an additional retrieval cue for nonsense words. In the third, noise was used to manipulate arousal. Noise during learning produced a significant decline in recall of locations for nonsense words. The results suggest that incentives increase attentional capacity, while noise does not. Previous results showing that noise increases the use of order cues are discussed and it is suggested that noise induces a type of learning which depends on order cues. Existing hypotheses about the nature of this process are noted but it is argued that further work is needed to select between them.

Attention↗