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Biomedical subjects

J Winberg

Publications and source records attributed to J Winberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Long-term prognosis of post-infectious renal scarring in relation to radiological findings in childhood--a 27-year follow-up.

In a previous report the long-term prognosis of 30 patients with renal scarring after pyelonephritis in childhood was described. In this study, we have related the extent of renal scarring present in childhood to the conditions in early adulthood. A radiological progression of scarring from childhood to adulthood was seen in one-third of the kidneys. The 7 patients with bilateral scarring in childhood had a smaller renal area, lower glomerular filtration rate and higher plasma vasopressin at follow-up than 13 healthy controls. The 20 patients who had unilateral scarring in childhood had a smaller renal area, lower glomerular filtration rate, higher diastolic blood pressure and higher plasma renin at follow-up than controls; 4 had hypertension. The most important finding was that children with unilateral disease are at risk of serious long-term complications. Filtration fraction at follow-up was higher in patients with extensive renal scarring in childhood compared with those with a normal renal area or small scars in childhood (r = -0.43, P less than 0.05). This may indicate glomerular hyperfiltration by remnant glomeruli. This paper emphasizes t the potential seriousness of childhood urinary tract infections especially when early infantile infections are overlooked. A follow-up of more than 4 decades may be necessary before the ultimate prognosis can be established, especially in patients with unilateral renal disease. It is advised that most patients with post-infectious renal scars are followed as high-risk patients, and that treatment continuity is established between paediatricians, nephrologists and, when required, obstetricians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of amoxycillin on vaginal colonization resistance and normal vaginal flora in monkeys.

Previous studies have shown that vaginal colonization resistance in monkeys can be eliminated by amoxycillin and restored by flushing vaginal flora from a healthy monkey into the vagina of a monkey colonized with Escherichia coli. The hypothesis that the effect of amoxycillin resulted from elimination of parts of the normal flora was tested in the present study. Nine monkeys were flushed vaginally with amoxycillin daily for six days. The number of anaerobic bacteria decreased during amoxycillin administration, as did the number of species isolated. The most obvious effects were observed among the genera Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus, while Lactobacillus spp. were less affected. Restoration of the flora after amoxycillin administration was slow in most of the monkeys. During amoxycillin administration, all monkeys became colonized spontaneously with E. coli. This was not, however, associated with increased adherence in vitro. The colonization persisted throughout the study period (29 days). It was concluded that amoxycillin disturbs vaginal colonization resistance by eliminating at least part of the normal vaginal flora, thereby promoting periurethral colonization with enterobacteria.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1979

Urinary tract infections treated with single dose of short-acting sulphonamide.

In a prospective study 29 patients with urinary tract infections caused by sulphonamide-sensitive organisms were treated with a single oral dose of the short-acting sulphonamide sulphafurazole. Twenty-seven (93%) of the 29 patients--and possibly all 29--were cured of their infections. There was no difference in the recurrence rates after single-dose treatment and treatment for 10 days or more. Six out of eight strains of Escherichia coli causing early recurrences were sensitive to sulphonamides. These results suggest that uncomplicated infections may safely and successfully be treated by a single oral dose of a short-acting sulphonamide.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Dealing with suspicions of malformation frequency increase. Experience with the Swedish register of congenital malformations.

Strategies in dealing with data obtained from malformation monitoring based on experiences with the Swedish monitoring systems, operating since 1965 (Register of Congenital Malformations) and 1973 (Medical Birth Register) are discussed. The importance of checking data that have sounded an alarm is stressed. Experience has shown that false alarms due to artefacts, such as changed diagnostic routines, changed reporting or registration of malformations, or random fluctuations, comprise most suspected changes in incidence. If a true increase in malformation frequency or a local cluster is observed, a hint of possible aetiological factors can be obtained from studies of maternal age distribution, seasonal viriation, geographical distribution, etc. The last step of the analysis consists of a case-control or a cohort study, aimed at revealing a specific teratogen. The importance of locating limited research resources to well-defined problems using high quality data is stressed.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Periurethral anaerobic microflora of healthy girls.

The periurethral anaerobic and aerobic microfloras were investigated in 18 healthy premenarcheal girls, 5 to 14 years of age, by using a quantitative sampling method. Colonization of the female periurethral area with enterobacteria seems to be an important step in the development of urinary tract infections, and the present study was undertaken as a stage in elucidating factors that might control the establishment of urinary tract pathogens periurethrally. The study showed that obligate anaerobic bacteria constituted 95.0% (standard error, +/- 5.8%) of the total colony-forming units per square centimeter of periurethral area. An average of 7.0 different anaerobic and 2.7 different aerobic strains per specimen was obtained. The flora was dominated by anaerobic gram-positive cocci and gram-positive rods, whereas anaerobic gram-negative rods comprised a minor part. The most commonly encountered anaerobic isolates were peptococci and peptostreptococci, propionibacteria, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, and bacteroides in decreasing order of frequency. The aerobic flora consisted most commonly of nonhemolytic streptococci and diphtheroids. The findings suggest that the periurethral microenvironment is a distinctive ecological niche, separate from the fecal and skin biotas, although it has some characteristics in common with the vaginal flora.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Bacterial adherence to periurethral epithelial cells in girls prone to urinary-tract infections.

Bacterial adherence to epithelial cells from the periurethral region of 48 healthy girls aged over 2 years and of 76 girls with repeated urinary-tract infections was investigated. The infection-prone girls had a significantly higher mean number of adhering bacteria than the healthy controls ( P less than 0.01). This difference was valid irrespective of whether or not the infection-prone girls had urinary-tract infections at the time of investigation. Furthermore, statistically significantly higher numbers of a pyelonephritic strain of Escherichia coli (075:H-:K-non-typable) were found to adhere to washed periurethral cells from infection-prone girls than to cells from healthy controls. These characteristics of the periurethral epithelial cells may facilitate the primary periurethral colonisation which precedes infection of the urinary tract.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of infantile atopic dermatitis with a strict elimination diet.

Of twenty-one infants with atopic dermatitis, twenty were treated with a strict elimination diet for a period of up to 6 weeks. Seven infants healed and twelve improved. The infants who healed were less than 6 months old and had had a short duration of dermatitis. For one infant the skin condition was unchanged. Another infant was breast-fed throughout the period with dermatitis. Blood eosinophilia and/or elevated serum IgE commonly found on admission decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) during the diet period. On challenge with cows' milk, twelve infants were considered as intolerant. At the age of 2 years the dermatitis had cleared in all but four children. Of these four children, two were still cows' milk intolerant. Another two infants were also cows' milk intolerant, but without dermatitis.

Animals↗