["Tabun" war gas and the Dyhernfurth subcamp].
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Chemical Warfare↗
Biomedical subjects
J Witkowski
Publications and source records attributed to J Witkowski.
[Escapes from concentration camps].
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Concentration Camps↗
Modification of suppressor/cytotoxic and helper subsets in lentil lectin-pretreated mice.
The effect of lentil lectin (LCA) on various lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus of CBA mice was studied. The most marked effect after five 1-mg LCA doses was observed in the spleen. LCA caused a drop in both the total and relative number of cells carrying all the markers examined, i.e., Thy 1, L3/T4a, Lyt 2, and sIg, so that large numbers of lymphocytes did not express any of them. A dramatic decrease in the Thy 1-positive cell number is mainly due to depletion of the L3/T4a (helper) T cell subpopulation, whereas the Lyt 2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells are less affected. The decrease in the Thy 1+, Lyt 1+ and L3/T4a+ cell numbers in the thymus and lymph nodes is smaller, the percentage of Lyt 2+ cells is even increased after LCA treatment. Our results indicate that two mechanisms play a role in the induction of allotransplantation tolerance by LCA: 'depletion' of helper T cells and a relative increase in the regulatory (suppressor) cell ratio, which may support allograft survival.
Animals↗
[Executions by guillotine in the Breslau prison].
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Capital Punishment↗
Effect of air ions on L 1210 cells: changes in fluorescence of membrane-bound 1,8-aniline-naphthalene-sulfonate (ANS) after in vitro exposure of cells to air ions.
The ability of air ions to produce changes in the electrical properties of L 1210 mouse leukemia cells was tested. The fluorescence of ANS incorporated into a membrane lipid bilayer (measured microphotometrically) was used as a probe. It was shown that the action of air ions of both signs could change (negative ions by increasing and the positive ones by decreasing) the fluorescence intensity of ANS in the cell surface structures or to an imbalance of ions inside and outside the cell. Both possibilities are discussed in the light of the results of experiments using ouabain or biguanide as factors diminishing the intensity of ANS fluorescence.
Air Ionization↗
Influence of the xid mutation on B lymphocyte development in adult mice.
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Animals↗
Age-dependent decline of natural killer and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity activity of human lymphocytes is connected with decrease of their acid phosphatase activity.
Decline of cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes of aged persons in ADCC and NK cell mediated cytotoxic reaction was paralleled by a drop in the activity of acid phosphatase. Intensity of ADCC reaction and the level of acid phosphatase activity showed statistically significant correlation when these two parameters were measured in peripheral blood of the same persons. The role of acid phosphatase in cytotoxic function of lymphocytes is discussed.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Age-related changes of activity of acid phosphatase in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 70-year-old individuals as well as spleen cells of 18-month-old Balb/c mice were characterized by diminished activity of acid phosphatase in relation to the activity of that enzyme in cells from young subjects. Simultaneously performed histochemical tests revealed that aging process in both species examined was accompanied by a reduction of the number of cells, disclosing the activity of acid phosphatase. Age-related differences with regard to the level of acid phosphatase became more pronounced after stimulation of cells with PHA. The decrease of acid phosphatase activity during aging is discussed in relation to the function of lymphocytes.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Activity of acid phosphatase in resting and mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Activity of acid phosphatase was found to be higher in T than in non-T cells of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The T cell mitogen PHA induced an increase in the magnitude of acid phosphatase activity, while the B cell mitogen LPS was not able to produce any effect on acid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes correlated with their spontaneous proliferative activity.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[On population policy in Poland].
The authors regard population policy to be a system of conscious actions aimed at causing desirable changes in shaping demographic processes and in consequence achieving the desired number, structure, and settlement of the population. Such policy should lead to minimization of perturbative role of population factor in socioeconomic development. The authors carried out a review of methods applied in Polish social policy during 40 post-war years which had effect on the demographic situation in the country. The review led them to the conclusion that actions taken for population policy quite often did not meet demographic trends and resulted in deepening irregularities in the demographic development of the country. The authors seek to answer the question whether there is a need for population policy in Poland and to determine the most crucial points of that policy.
Developed Countries↗
The influence of the membrane sodium pump activity on the ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to form early rosettes with SRBC.
The influence of changes of the cation-transporting activity of the membrane Na,K ATP-ase of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on their ability to form 'early' and 'late' rosettes with SRBC was investigated. It was shown that inhibition of the Na,K ATP-ase-dependent cation transport through the lymphocyte membrane by means of incubation of the cells with various specific inhibitors of the enzyme (ouabain, vanadate) or depletion of the magnesium cations from the incubation medium caused the rise in the percentage of early rosettes, having no influence on the late E rosette percentage. The possible explanation of the observed phenomena is discussed with regard to (ion transport-dependent) electrical forces present at the surface of resting and activated lymphocytes.
Adolescent↗
Decreased membrane potential of T lymphocytes in ageing mice: flow cytometric studies with a carbocyanine dye.
The membrane potential of lymphocytes from young (1-4-month-old) and old (25-37-month-old) CBA/Ca mice was studied with the aid of the fluorescent dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)). In young mice, most B and T lymphocytes showed a high, and equal, degree of polarization. In old animals most, and in the older individuals almost all, T lymphocytes were found to be depolarized; both Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- subsets were affected. B cells were largely unaffected. Since changes in transmembrane potential, including temporary hyperpolarization, are known to accompany lymphocyte activation, the depolarized state of T cells in old mice may be related to the decline of T-cell function that occurs during senescence.
Aging↗
Monensin-induced inhibition of cell spreading in normal and dystrophic human fibroblasts.
Cultured skin fibroblasts from normal individuals and from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy spread equally rapidly when seeded on a glass substratum. Exposure to the ionophore monensin substantially suppresses normal and dystrophic fibroblast spreading in serum-free media for up to at least 100 min. Preincubation of normal fibroblasts with monensin causes a further reduction in cell spreading. Dystrophic fibroblasts fail to spread as well as normal cells after monensin preincubation. Such findings indicate that there is a delay in the secretion of functional adhesive surface proteins in monensin-preincubated normal fibroblasts and that this lag period is significantly longer in dystrophic fibroblasts. These data are consistent with findings of altered adhesive and secretory properties of fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Cell Adhesion↗
The correlation between serum lipid levels and the percentage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing some surface markers.
The correlations between serum HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides or free fatty acids levels and the percentage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing receptors for SRBC, MRBC, Con A or sIgG were sought in the aged people. The persons examined showed a marked heterogeneity in their serum lipid levels as well as in the results of lymphocyte surface receptor analysis. However, the only correlation found was that between the percentage of MRBC-rosette forming cells and the level of serum free fatty acids. The total cholesterol level, known as the modulator of some physical parameters of lymphocyte membrane, had, in our examination, no correlation with the changes of surface properties of lymphocytes. The possible physiological role of the phenomena observed is discussed.
Age Factors↗
Dielectric properties of murine lymphocytes.
Dielectric measurements in frequency range from 0.032 up to 110 MHZ were performed on the suspension of lymphocytes isolated from the spleen of Balb/c mouse. Basing on measurements of electric capacitance (C) and electric conductance (G) of lymphocyte suspension and on the simplified Pauly-Schwan equations the following electrical parameters of lymphocytes were calculated: relative electrical permittivity of the intracellular substance (epsilon i = 136) electrical conductivity of the inner phase (intracellular substance) (kappa i = 8.94 mS/cm), specific capacitance of cell membrane (CM = 0.82 microF/cm2). Relative electrical permittivity of the membrane (epsilon s = 4.6) has also been calculated. Two of those quantities (epsilon i = and kappa i) additionally determined by means of empirical dependences. The value of epsilon i and kappa i were respectively 125 and 8.79 mS/cm. All those measurements were taken at temperature amounting to 293 K.
Animals↗
HLA typing in a family prone to malignant hyperthermia.
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HLA Antigens↗
The ANAE reaction pattern of reticular stromal cells of lymphatic organs from normal and hydrocortisone--treated mice.
The pattern of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in stromal and lymphatic cells has been examined in lymphatic organs from normal and hydrocortisone (HC)-treated mice. The distribution of ANAE-positive lymphocytes as well as stromal cells in peripheral lymphatic organs was different in T- and B-dependent regions, while in the thymus there was the difference between cortex and medulla. The HC application evoked a marked changes in the pattern of ANAE-positive cells distribution of the thymus, producing only a slight ones in the remaining organs. The influence of HC on the ANAE reaction intensity and distribution in the examined tissue sections is discussed.
Animals↗