Former athletes have a lower lifetime occurrence of breast cancer and cancers of the reproductive system.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
J Witschi
Publications and source records attributed to J Witschi.
Effects of alterations in fatty acid intake on the blood pressure of adolescents: the Exeter-Andover Project.
To judge the effect on blood pressure, the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S) of foods served to students at two boarding high schools was modified alternately at each school for one school year. The average P:S of the diet of males increased from 0.53 to 0.93 during the intervention whereas among females it increased from 0.64 to 0.98. Comparison of repeated systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements near the end of the school year did not demonstrate a beneficial effect of the dietary fat changes on the blood pressure of these normotensive adolescents. Compared with the blood pressure patterns during control years, the dietary intervention resulted in slightly higher systolic (+0.88 mm Hg; 95% CI -0.66, +2.42) and diastolic (+1.23 mm Hg; 95% CI = +0.04, +2.42) blood pressure readings among males. Among females the intervention resulted in slightly lower systolic (-0.54 mm Hg; 95% CI = -1.95, +0.88) and diastolic (-0.80 mm Hg (95% CI -2.18, +0.58) blood pressure readings.
Adolescent↗
Nonalcoholic carbonated beverage consumption and bone fractures among women former college athletes.
We report on data relating to nonalcoholic carbonated beverage consumption and bone fractures in 5,398 college alumnae, 2,622 former college athletes and 2,776 nonathletes, who responded to a detailed mailed questionnaire. A statistically significant association between nonalcoholic carbonated beverage consumption and bone fractures was found only in the former athletes, not the nonathletes. Among the athletes, the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the association of drinkers (yes/no) with any fracture (yes/no) was 1.35, 95% confidence limits (CL) (1.14, 1.59). The dose-response relationship between the amount of carbonated beverages consumed daily and the number of bone fractures of the athletes was also statistically significant. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis, which included only alumnae greater than or equal to 50 years of age and which controlled for current exercise and other potential confounding factors, were as follows: (a) for athletes, the OR for the association of drinking nonalcoholic carbonated beverages and a first bone fracture at or after age 40 was 2.28, 95% CL (1.36, 3.84); (b) for all alumnae, a low milk diet was a risk factor for first bone fractures at or after age 40, OR = 1.92, 95% CL (1.15, 3.16); (c) former college athletes had a significantly lower risk of first fractures at or after age 40 than did nonathletes; OR = 0.63, 95% CL (0.40, 0.99). The deleterious effect of nonalcoholic carbonated beverage consumption on the risk of bone fractures has not been reported, as far as we know.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
A computer-based dietary counseling system.
A computer-based dietary counseling system is described. Designed to interact directly with patients, the program interviews people about their dietary behavior and plans with them a weight-reducing diet of approximately 1,500 kcal. In a preliminary trial, twenty-five volunteers gave critical commentary en route through the interviews. The results provided insight into the process of dietary interviewing by computer and helped in the preparation of an experimental study (10). It is our hope that a revised and expanded version of the program will be helpful to both patients and nutritionists in the management of a variety of clinically important dietary problems.
Computers↗
Dietary interviewing by computer. An experimental approach to counseling.
A computer-based dietary counseling system was tested by sixty-four volunteers from the Boston area. Most of the patients seemed to benefit from their interaction with the computer, and the two participating nutritionists frequently found that the program was useful as an antecedent to their own one-to-one sessions with the patients.
Adult↗
Lower lifetime occurrence of breast cancer and cancers of the reproductive system among former college athletes.
The prevalence (lifetime occurrence) rate of cancers of the reproductive system (uterus, ovary, cervix, and vagina) and breast was determined for 5,398 living college alumnae, 2,622 of whom were former college athletes and 2,776 nonathletes, from data on medical and reproductive history, athletic training, and diet. The former athletes had a significantly lower risk of cancer of the breast and reproductive system than did the nonathletes. The relative risk (RR), nonathletes/athletes, for cancers of the reproductive system was 2.53, 95% confidence limits (CL) (1.17, 5.47). The RR for breast cancer was 1.86, 95% CL (1.00, 3.47). The analysis controlled for potential confounding factors, including age, family history of cancer, age at menarche, number of pregnancies, use of oral contraceptives, use of estrogen in the menopausal period, smoking, and leanness. Of the college athletes, 82.4% had been on precollege teams compared with 24.9% of the college nonathletes. We conclude that long-term athletic training lowers the risk of breast cancer and cancers of the reproductive system. The lowered risk may be related to changes in estrogen metabolism associated with increased leanness.
Adult↗