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Biomedical subjects

J Woodyard

Publications and source records attributed to J Woodyard.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Orthopaedic negligence: the tip of the iceberg?

Doctors seem helpless to stem the rising tide of negligence cases. This is partly because we practice in a generally more litigious society, but also because we only look superficially at negligence. We have traditionally looked only at the negligent act--in this paper the causes of such acts are explored.

Malpractice↗
PubMed1986

Caffeine alters ventilatory and gas exchange kinetics during exercise.

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of oral caffeine ingestion on the kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2), expired carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and expired ventilation (VE) in the transition from rest to exercise. Nine male subjects underwent three repetitions of constant load cycle ergometer exercise (approximately 80% ventilatory threshold) on two occasions. A single blind experimental procedure was followed, with one trial being performed 60 min after the subject ingested caffeine (7 mg X kg-1), while the second trial required the subject to ingest a placebo with the treatment order being counterbalanced. Ventilation and gas exchange were monitored by open circuit techniques. The data from three repetitions of the same protocol were pooled and modeled with a single-component exponential function incorporating a time delay: (formula; see text) Kinetic analysis of VO2 revealed no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the mean response time between treatments. In contrast, the mean response time for VCO2 and VE were longer (P less than 0.05) for the caffeine trial when compared to the control experiment. These data suggest that caffeine will influence both VCO2 and VE kinetics in the transition from rest to work and should be considered by investigators when planning experiments to study ventilatory and gas exchange kinetics during exercise.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1984

Haemoglobin saturation during incremental arm and leg exercise.

There are few reports concerning the alterations in the percent of haemoglobin saturated with oxygen (%SO2) during non-steady state incremental exercise. Further, no data exist to describe the %SO2 changes during arm exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was made to assess the dynamic changes in %SO2 during incremental arm and leg work. Nine trained subjects (7 males and 2 females) performed incremental arm and leg exercise to exhaustion on an arm crank ergometer and a cycle ergometer, respectively. Ventilation and gas exchange measurements were obtained minute by minute via open circuit spirometry and changes in %SO2 were recorded via an ear oximeter. No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) existed between arm and leg work in end-tidal oxygen (PETO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), or %SO2 when compared as a function of percent VO2 max. These results provide evidence that arterial O2 desaturation occurs in a similar fashion in both incremental arm and leg work with the greatest changes in %SO2 occurring at work rates greater than 70% VO2 max.

Arm↗