How China is achieving the unbelievable.
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Birth Rate↗
Biomedical subjects
J Wray
Publications and source records attributed to J Wray.
The role of some risk factors of exposure to malaria in determining the outcome of the immunofluorescent antibody test in an urban population.
Data obtained previously were analysed to assess the relative importance of variables which relate to the risk of exposure to malaria in explaining the level of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT) reactions observed among the urban study population. In the analysis specific activities, notably travelling out of the main towns, season when out of the main towns, length of period since having been out of the main towns, and history of having had malaria in the last year, were of help in predicting the level of IFAT reaction. Sensitivity and specificity values of history of malaria, history of having been out of the main towns, and serological results were higher in older people in both periods and were highest in the March-April 1985 survey period.
Adolescent↗
A model of color vision based on cortical reentry.
It is known that the perceived color of an object depends on the context in which it is viewed, its reflectance properties and the spectral distribution of the illuminating light. What is not known, however, is how the visual system functions so that color percepts depend upon the integration of local and contextual cues. While phenomenological theories of color vision exist, robust neurally based theories consistent with psychophysical observations are sparse. In the present study we develop such a theory and establish its self-consistency by computer simulations of cerebral cortical areas involved in color perception. The simulations test the hypothesis that long-range reciprocal connections within and between cortical areas mediate a dynamic process of reentry that integrates contextual cues into the color percept. When stimuli similar to those used in psychophysical testing of contextual influence were used, firing patterns consistent with psychophysical data on color constancy and color induction in humans were observed. Selective disruption of reciprocal inter- or intra-areal connections reduced the correspondence between the model's responses and the psychophysical data. The findings are consistent with the proposal that reentrant interactions within and between cortical areas provide a major basis for the context-sensitive aspects of color vision.
Animals↗
Challenging behaviour in children with learning disabilities.
This article outlines the initial stages of an ongoing experiment to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two different therapeutic interventions--behaviour modification and gentle teaching--in the management of challenging behaviour in children who have learning disabilities. Using a workshop approach, parents are taught the principles and practice of one of these two interventions to enable better management of their child's challenging behaviour. A range of intervention outcomes are then compared with those of a control group. Preliminary analysis of data has been conducted on information gathered from those parents (n = 24) who attended the gentle teaching workshop only. The results indicate that brief intervention training in gentle teaching can have a positive impact upon the challenging behaviour of the child.
Adolescent↗
'Being hard'. Reflections on making it to be a midwife.
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Support for carers of people with learning disabilities.
The current rhetoric associated with the provision of community care might lead some to conclude that services for people with a learning disability and their families has improved significantly. However, a recent interview with a mother who has a young son with a profound learning disability and associated behavioural problems, questions such assumptions.
Caregivers↗