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Biomedical subjects

J Y Lacut

Publications and source records attributed to J Y Lacut.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Evaluation of serological response to Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana and Afipia felis antigens in 64 patients with suspected cat-scratch disease.

The serological response to Bartonella henselae, B. quintana, and Afipia felis was assessed by an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in 64 patients with suspected cat-scratch disease (CSD) recruited from the Bordeaux area in France. Blood samples were collected from 57 patients with chronic lymphadenopathy who underwent lymph-node biopsy with suggestive histopathologic features of CSD, and from an additional 7 patients with suspected CSD who underwent surgical incision and drainage because of lymph-node tenderness. Of the patients, 31 were male and 33 female, with a median age of 27 years (range 2-89). 69.8% reported cat and/or dog contact. Of the 26/64 (40.6%) patients, serum samples were positive at a titer of 1:100 or more for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (17 only to B. henselae, 1 only to B. quintana, 3 only to Afipia felis, and 5 to both B. henselae and B. quintana). IgM or IgA antibodies were also detected in 10 patients with IgG antibodies to B. henselae. 11 (17.2%) of the 64 patient serum samples were positive at a low titer of 1:50. These data suggested that serological response assessed by standard IFAT is not enough to confirm a CSD diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR and tissue culture in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients.

To investigate whether both tissue culture and PCR on a sequence from the repetitive rDNA could contribute to the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, blood samples and, if they were available, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aqueous humor samples from 72 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with suspected toxoplasmosis were prospectively tested. For 10 patients with fever of unknown origin but without confirmed toxoplasmosis, no Toxoplasma gondii was detected. For two patients with confirmed toxoplasmic uveitis, only PCR of aqueous humor samples was positive. Of 60 patients (48 with CSF samples) with neurological signs, 25 (from 13 of whom CSF samples were available) had confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis and 10 had a positive PCR of CSF and/or blood samples, while for 1 patient culture of the CSF sample was also positive. Unlike tissue culture, PCR of rDNA is of value for the detection of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients, provided that both CSF and blood samples are available (sensitivity, 76.9%; specificity, 100%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of antibiotherapy in dental surgery].

OBJECTIVES: Debate on antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with infectious endocarditis has emphasized the need for reliable data on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in dentistry patients. METHODS: We randomly sampled 583 antibiotic prescriptions delivered by dentists working in out-patient clinics in the French department of Gironde in 1992. Two-hundred fifty-seven prescriptions were analyzed in detail after telephone contact with the prescribing practicians in coordination with infectiology experts from university hospitals. RESULTS: Antibiotic treatment was successful in 85.6% of the cases. The indication was justified in 74.1% and the dose was judged insufficient in 24% as was the administration rhythm in 37.8%. The duration of treatment was not in conformity with generally accepted prescription in 23.1% of the cases, usually being too short. According to the recommendations of the Consensus Conference on prophylaxis against infectious endocarditis held in Paris, March 27, 1992, antibiotic prophylaxy was not justified in 14.4% of the cases. In addition, the drug chosen in these cases was not in conformity with the recommendations in 43.2% and the duration in 100%. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize that more adapted university and postgraduate training in antibiotic prescription both for prophylaxis and cure is needed in odontostomatology since a large number of antibiotics prescriptions are delivered by dentists.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Spontaneous splenic rupture: an uncommon complication of cytomegalovirus infection.

A previously healthy 25-year-old man developed a spontaneous rupture of the spleen during a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The only other clinical feature was a well tolerated fever of 37.5 degrees C to 39 degrees C during the month before. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of IgM antibodies to CMV in the serum and by typical intranuclear inclusions for CMV identified by splenic histopathological findings. The patient recovered completely. Spontaneous splenic rupture is uncommon in primary cytomegalovirus infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Septicemia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (excluding Mycobacteria). Apropos of 58 cases].

We reviewed the characteristics of 58 episodes of septicemia which occurred in 53 HIV infected adults over a 30-month period. This cases represented 10.1% of HIV infected hospitalized patients. At the time of septicemia, 79.3% patients were at AIDS stage; mean CD4 count was 72/mm3. Nosocomial septicemia occurred significatively more often in patients with previous AIDS defining illness and in neutropenic patients (p < or = 0.05 and p < or = 0.001 respectively). Staphylococcus coagulase negative (n = 17), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11) and Salmonella (n = 8) were the most common organisms. The source of infection was found more frequently in nosocomial septicemia than in community-acquired septicemia (78% versus 46%; p < 0.02), mainly intravenous catheter (60%). Staphylococcus aureus, AIDS stage and nosocomial septicemia have high fatality rates. Mortality was not higher than previously reported in the general population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Cardiac lesions in AIDS].

The frequency of cardiac lesions in AIDS patients is diversely evaluated. At post-mortem examination macroscopic lesions are said to have been found in 20 percent of the patients, and microscopic lesions in 50 percent. In some clinical studies, up to 55 percent of the patients had echocardiographic abnormalities. All three cardiac wall layers may be involved. Cases of myopericardial Kaposi's sarcoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been described, together with infectious myocarditis or pericarditis, non-obstructive cardiomyopathy, aseptic fibrinous pericarditis, marantic endocarditis and other, less frequent lesions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Decreased incidence of infection after renal transplantation with the use of cyclosporine.

The incidence of infection within six months of cadaveric kidney transplantation was reviewed in 183 consecutive patients. Prior to June, 1985, 91 patients received azathioprine 2 mg/kg/day and prednisone 0.5 mg/kg/day; 63 patients (group A1) also received antilymphocyte globulin 15 mg/kg/day for the first ten days, whereas for the 28 other patients (group A2) antilymphocyte globulin had to be withdrawn before 72 hours because of general intolerance. The next 92 patients received cyclosporine 5-8 mg/kg/day and prednisone 0.25 mg/kg/day (group B). The three groups were similar for all studied parameters except for the number of patients with anti-HLA antibodies. At six months the mortality rate was not significantly different between the three groups. After six months the number of infections per patient was 1.47, 1.03 and 0.84 (p less than 0.01) in groups A1, A2 and B respectively; the percentage of patients developing one or more infections was 81, 58 and 57% (p less than 0.01); bacterial infections: 57, 50 and 34% (p less than 0.01); viral infections: 40, 14 and 10% (p less than 0.01); cytomegalovirus infections: 27, 11 and 4% (p less than 0.001). After adjustment with logistic regression upon factors which might facilitate infections, the results showed a significantly lower incidence of infection for the cyclosporine-treated group, especially for cytomegalovirus, as compared with the antilymphocyte globulin-treated group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Malaria and retinal hemorrhages].

A 24-year-old woman presented with retinal hemorrhages, back from a travel in Cameroon. She took a chloroquine chemoprophylaxis. We diagnosed a malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum with anemia, splenomegaly and low parasitemia. A speedy clinical and ophthalmological recovery was obtained with mefloquine therapy. We discuss physiopathology of such uncommon retinal damage during malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasmacytoma and gastric amyloidosis associated with nodular pulmonary amyloidosis.

The authors report an association of gastric and pulmonary amyloidosis in a 74 year old woman. The patient had had a gastric plasmacytoma for the last 11 years. On autopsy, the stomach was found to contain intramural deposits of amyloid, and was infiltrated by plasma cells secreting monoclonal IgG lambda light chain. In the lungs, the plasma cells in the vicinity of the amyloid deposits proved to be polytypic, suggesting that these deposits originated from circulating precursor proteins.

Amyloidosis↗