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Biomedical subjects

J Y Song

Publications and source records attributed to J Y Song.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Collagen mRNA expression detected by in situ hybridization in keloid tissue.

The keloid fibroblasts exhibited increased extracellular matrix gene expression, and prominent elevated type I procollagen mRNA when compared to control fibroblasts cultured from the uninvolved skin of normal people. It also showed markedly elevated type I/III procollagen mRNA ratios, but no synthesis of type IV procollagen mRNA by keloid fibroblasts was observed. By in situ hybridization in keloid tissue, high levels of type I and type III procollagen mRNAs were detected in most of the fibroblasts, suggesting the presence of a subpopulation responsible for the increased collagen production. The levels of type I and type III procollagen mRNAs in these fibroblasts were clearly elevated compared to control skin specimens. And concentration of type I procollagen mRNA was found more predominantly than was type III. These results suggest that deposition of collagen in keloid could result from activation of certain fibroblasts responsible for type I procollagen production.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A restriction fragment length polymorphism in the pigeon pro alpha 2(1) collagen gene: lack of an allelic association with an atherogenic phenotype in pigeons genetically susceptible to the development of spontaneous atherosclerosis.

A high frequency restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) at the 3'-end of the pigeon pro alpha 2(1) collagen gene was detected using the restriction endonuclease EcoR1. The distribution of this allelic variant was analyzed in DNA isolated from White Carneau pigeons genetically susceptible to the development of spontaneous atherosclerosis. The atherogenic phenotype in individual pigeons was measured by the determination of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester levels in the celiac focus of the thoracic aorta of adult White Carneau pigeons. Aortic wall cholesterol levels correlated with an increase in lesion size. No correlation, however, was observed between allelic variants of the pigeon pro alpha 2(1) collagen gene and the atherogenic phenotype in White Carneau pigeons suggesting lack of linkage between this allelic marker and the genetic susceptibility to spontaneous atherogenesis. This is the first study of its kind in this animal model and serves to provide a basis for the further analysis of co-segregation of RFLPS in candidate genes to this polygenic phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates gonadotropin beta-subunit and chromogranin-B messenger ribonucleic acids in cultured chromogranin-A-positive pituitary adenomas.

Chromogranin-A-positive pituitary adenomas include glycoprotein hormone-producing adenomas, null cell adenomas, and a few other pituitary adenomas. We studied the effects of GnRH, CRF, dexamethasone, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on FSH and LH secretion and on FSH beta and chromogranin-A and -B mRNA expression in 10 chromogranin-A-positive adenomas in vitro to analyze the regulation of FSH and chromogranin-A and -B expression in these neoplasms. Most adenomas responded to GnRH stimulation during 7 days in culture with a 2- to 10-fold increase in FSH and LH secretion and a 2- to 7-fold increase in FSH beta mRNA compared to control values. CRF and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also stimulated FSH and LH secretion 2- to 5-fold in five of seven and three of three cases, respectively, during 7 days in culture. Dexamethasone stimulated both FSH and LH secretion in two of three cases as well as FSH beta mRNA in vitro in the one case examined. GnRH treatment consistently produced a 2-fold increase in chromogranin-B mRNA, but not in chromogranin-A mRNA, after 7 days of culture. These results indicate that many chromogranin-A-positive adenomas respond to GnRH and CRF in vitro by increased hormone secretion and that GnRH stimulation leads to increased amounts of FSH beta and chromogranin-B mRNAs. The differential response of chromogranin-A and -B mRNAs after GnRH stimulation indicates that the chromogranin genes are highly regulated in these tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Painful ophthalmoplegia secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinoma--a case report.

A case of painful ophthalmoplegia with unilateral ocular pain, fixed eyeball to all directions of gaze, and loss of vision is presented. After intensive steroid therapy, conjunctival chemosis subsided markedly, but no improvement was seen in other clinical signs. We took a CT scan of orbit brain and performed nasopharyngeal biopsy and open biopsy through craniectomy. Based on the results of clinical features and findings of the CT scan and tissues, we diagnosed painful ophthalmoplegia secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasized to orbital apex and brain.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Effects of propylthiouracil on growth hormone and prolactin messenger ribonucleic acids in the rat pituitary.

The effects of hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were analyzed in adult female rat adenohypophyses by in situ hybridization histochemistry and Northern hybridization analyses. Twenty-eight days of PTU treatment produced a significant decrease in GH mRNA levels and a smaller decrease in PRL mRNA determined by both in situ hybridization histochemistry and Northern hybridization analyses. A combined procedure of in situ hybridization histochemistry followed by immunochemistry on the same sections revealed mammosomatotropic cells expressing GH mRNA and PRL protein in the same pituitary cells from all treatment groups. Cells expressing GH mRNA and thyroid-stimulating hormone protein were not detected by this method. Immunochemical staining revealed a decrease in GH cells and an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone cells in hypothyroid rats. Cells expressing both GH and thyroid-stimulating hormone protein were not detected by immunostaining. These results indicate that hypothyroidism produces significant decreases in GH mRNA and also decreases PRL mRNA and that mammosomatotropic cells can be detected in pituitaries from normal and hypothyroid rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of estradiol on prolactin and growth hormone messenger RNAs in cultured normal and neoplastic (MtT/W15 and GH3) rat pituitary cells.

The effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E17 beta) on prolactin (PRL) cell proliferation and on the expression of PRL and growth hormone (GH) proteins and mRNAs were analyzed in cultured pituitary cells by immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and Northern blot hybridization studies. Three different cell cultures were used: (a) normal pituitary cells; (b) GH3 tumor cell line; and (c) MtT/W15, a transplantable PRL and GH-producing pituitary tumor. E17 beta (10(-7) M) caused a significant increase in PRL cell proliferation in normal pituitary [3.9 +/- 0.4 versus 7.7 +/- 0.9% (SEM) of immunostained PRL cells with thymidine incorporation] [P less than 0.01] but produced a significant decrease in PRL cell proliferation in MtT/W15 primary cell cultures [6.7 +/- 1.0 versus 3.7 +/- 0.8%] [P less than 0.05]. PRL mRNA was significantly increased in normal pituitary and in GH3 tumor cells by E17 beta treatment. There was a significant decrease in PRL mRNA and an increase in GH mRNA expression in cultured MtT/W15 tumor cells by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses. The percentage of cells producing both PRL and GH or mammosomatotropic cells analyzed by two different techniques declined after one week in culture in normal pituitary cells and in cultured MtT/W15 tumor cells after E17 beta treatment. These results show that E17 beta has a direct stimulatory effect on normal pituitary and GH3 cells and a direct inhibitory effect on MtT/W15 tumor cells with respect to cell proliferation and PRL hormone and mRNA expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Estrogen stimulates both prolactin and growth hormone mRNAs expression in the MtT/F4 transplantable pituitary tumor.

The effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on MtT/F4 pituitary tumor growth and on prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone mRNA expression were analyzed in F344 female rats. E2 (10 mg) stimulated pituitary PRL cell hyperplasia and PRL mRNA, but inhibited growth of the transplantable tumors. The expression of both PRL and growth hormone mRNA levels was increased in the MtT/F4 tumors. The effects of E2 on increasing PRL mRNA levels were more marked in the pituitary compared with the tumors. These results indicate that estrogens stimulate proliferation and PRL expression in the pituitary while inhibiting cell proliferation in the MtT/F4 tumor. E2 also stimulated both growth hormone and PRL mRNA expression in the MtT/F4 transplantable tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study on farmer's lung-like lesions caused by Beauveria bassiana].

113 lung specimens from rats and mice were observed under both LM and TEM, after inhalation of gonidiospores of Beauveria bassiana for 18 months 78.8% of the 113 cases developed chronic interstitial pneumonia (IP). There were desquamative pneumonitis mainly with macrophage; granuloma with multinucleate giant cells or fibrosis, and localized pulmonary edema. These lesions were firstly described to be caused by the spores here. It was considered that IF lesions might be related to types III, IV hypersensitivity reaction. The authors emphasized that these lesions might be similar to those observed in farmer's lung or extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Occurrence and patterns of muramidase containing cells in Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and reactive hyperplasia.

The occurrence and pattern of cytoplasmic muramidase containing histiocytes were studied by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in biopsy material from patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and reactive hyperplasia. The majority of lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease, nodular lymphoma, and reactive hyperplasia gave positive staining reactions when tested in this manner. Differences in the staining pattern were observed for the different conditions studied. In general, stain positive cells occurred in one of the following four patterns: nodular, dispersed, aggregating without background stain, or aggregating with background stain (mottling pattern). The nodular and aggregating without background stain patterns were not specific and were seen in various conditions. The dispersed pattern, however, was observed only in some cases of non-Hodgkin's diffuse lymphomas, suggesting a subgroup of tumors characterized by active participation of reactive histiocytes. The mottling pattern was virtually limited to Hodgkin's disease. Since the mottling pattern appeared to be produced by virtue of a large amount of extracellular muramidase, the elevation of the serum muramidase level in Hodgkin's disease may be related to enzymatically active secretory histiocytes. Moreover, the mottling staining pattern was observed frequently in the lymphocytic predominance and nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease, but relatively infrequently in the mixed cellularity or lymphocytic depletion types, suggesting that the variation in histiocytic activity may be related to the course of the disease. The decreased staining reaction observed in the latter two categories could not be accounted for by a decrease in the numbers of histiocytic cells in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, suggesting that release or synthesis may be defective in those unfavorable types of Hodgkin's disease.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring following gastrointestinal lymphoma.

Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in a greater proportion of patients with malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring than would be accounted for by change alone. In the absence of direct lymphatic connection between these two sites, the association of these tumors has prompted several hypotheses: that the gastrointestinal lymphoma is a concomitant primary tumor; or that it is related to the swallowing and implantation of tumor cells; or that it represents the homing tendency of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Five cases are described in which malignant lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring developed ten months to five and half years after an initial diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphoma was made. All five patients were female, and the original tumors were of the nodular lymphoma, histiocytic type in 4, and Lennert's lymphoma in 1. The tumors of Waldeyer's ring had similar cytologic features. In 1 patient with small intestinal lymphoma and recurrent tonsillar tumor five and half years later, immunoperoxidase staining of the original and recurrent tumors was positive with anti-IgA and anti-kappa antisera, thus establishing the identity of the two tumors. The reverse pattern of involvement, i.e., Waldeyer's ring tumor following gastrointestinal lymphoma, provides evidence against the concomitant primary or swallowing theories. The homing tendencies of gut-associated lymphoid tissue may offer some explanations for this interesting coincidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermal, operational, and storage stability of immobilized carbonic anhydrase in membrane lungs.

The significant improvement in CO2 removal rates from blood through membrane lungs with EMCO and ECCO2R is achievable by means of the immobilization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) onto the membrane surface. The practical application of this technology requires that the enzyme be maintained for long periods without loss of activity. Thus, studies were performed to evaluate the thermal, operational, and storage stability of CA in a cellulose nitrate-encapsulated, silicone rubber membrane-immobilized form. Cellulose nitrate microcapsules containing 1000 micrograms/ml CA were prepared using a modified version of the method of Chang, and immobilized onto a 0.06 m2 section of commercial silicone rubber membrane material. The extent of enzyme activity in free solution and in the encapsulated form was determined after long-term storage at 4 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 50 degrees C. Likewise, in an in vitro test circuit, CO2 removal efficiency in both CA treated and untreated membrane lungs was measured for extended time periods of 10 hr over a 10 day period. The thermal stability tests showed a significantly greater degree of retained enzyme activity in the encapsulated form, over the free enzyme in solution, at all temperatures. This was especially evident at higher temperatures and when the enzyme was stored for extended periods. In the operational stability tests, the CO2 removal efficiency of the treated membrane was not degraded, and stayed significantly higher than the untreated membrane for extended time periods. This further illustrates the potential for the use of the immobilized enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, for improved CO2 removal efficiency.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cryopreservation of Taxus chinensis suspension cell cultures.

A simple cryopreservation method for suspension cells of Taxus chinensis was established. In this procedure 7 days old suspension cells were used without any pre-culture treatment. At first, cells were incubated in cryoprotectant solution (0.5M DMSO and 0.5M glycerol) on ice for 30 min and then frozen at a cooling rate of 1 degree C/min to -40 degrees C prior to immersion in liquid nitrogen. The average viability of frozen-thawed cells was between 30 to 40%. The recovery of cryopreserved cells in liquid nitrogen for 1 month was accomplished. After rapid thawing, cells were transferred to solid medium and cultivated for 4-6 weeks. The treatment of trehalose as a cryoprotectant enhanced re-growth of frozen-thawed cells. The stable maintenance of paclitaxel biosynthetic ability in cryopreserved cells was confirmed by comparing with that of regularly sub-cultured suspension cells.

Cell Survival↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immobilized carbonic anhydrase in a membrane lung for enhanced CO2 removal.

The potential use of carbonic anhydrase (CA), immobilized within membrane lungs, to accelerate the removal of CO2 from blood was investigated. Using a variation on the technique of Chang, 500 micrograms/mL of CA was encapsulated in 5-20 microns cellulose nitrate microcapsules which were then immobilized onto a 0.1 m2 silicone rubber membrane. Using an in vitro test circuit, 0.68 mmol/m2/min of CO2 was removed from venous blood through an untreated membrane at steady state. With the CA-immobilized membrane, CO2 removal was enhanced to 1.09 mmol/m2/min. This technique has the potential of greatly improving the CO2 efficiency of commercial membrane lungs for ECCOR.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CO2 removal for ventilatory support: a comparison of dialysis with and without carbonic anhydrase to a hollow fiber lung.

All CO2 in blood is in equilibrium, catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase (CA). This has prompted some investigators to consider treating ventilatory failure by using dialysis to remove HCO3-. Since there is at least 18 times more CO2 in the form of HCO3- than dissolved CO2, theoretically, lower blood flows could be used than with current extracorporeal support with artificial membrane lungs. HCO3- removal for ventilatory support has required alkalinization to compensate for the resulting acidosis and has been capable of removing 26 to 38 ml CO2/100 ml blood flow, compared to 14 ml CO2/100 ml for clinically employed silicone membrane lungs. We designed a HCO3- removal system using recirculation of dialysate through a membrane lung to remove CO2, rather than alkalinization of blood, and removed 8.8 ml CO2/100 ml. Adding CA improved this to 12.2 ml CO2/100 ml, but a conventional hollow fiber lung removed 30 ml CO2/100 ml. We conclude that the complexities of an HCO3- removal system may not be necessary with the advent of more efficient hollow fiber lungs.

Bicarbonates↗