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Biomedical subjects

J Youniss

Publications and source records attributed to J Youniss.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Characterization of US poison centers: a 1998 survey conducted by the American Association of Poison Control Centers.

A 1998 survey of all 73 US poison centers, including 52 certified centers and 21 noncertified centers, is presented. Despite a continued decline of the number of poison centers operating in the US, the volume of calls has steadily increased. In 1997 these centers handled 3.65 million telephone consultations, including 2,475,010 human poison exposure cases, 134,646 animal poison exposures, and 1,036,148 information calls. Nearly the entire US population had access to a poison center (99.9%), although only 78.5% of the US population was served by a certified center. Certified poison centers handled 83.6% of human poison exposure cases reported to US poison centers. Calls to certified centers were twice as likely to be handled by staff who were certified as specialists in poison information. On average, poison center utilization was 9.2 human exposure consultations/1,000 population. Total national poison center expenses approached $81 million. The average cost/human exposure case was $33.30 in certified centers, a substantial savings when compared with the alternative of emergency department management. State governments provided the single largest source of funding. Poison center funding remains unstable, with 41% of centers reporting a possible or definite budget reduction anticipated in the next budget year. In the past 5 y, 47.9% of centers faced threat of closure. Center certification and increased public education activity, especially the distribution of poison prevention materials and number of media contacts, were associated with greater utilization of the poison center in the region served.

Computers↗
PubMed1999

Religion, community service, and identity in American youth.

The role of religion in identity development has, for many years, been a relatively neglected topic in psychology. To demonstrate the importance of religion to the formation of identity, this paper presents evidence connecting community service and religiousness in American youth. Data are reviewed that show (1) youth are heavily involved in volunteer service; (2) many youth view religion as important and those who do so are more likely to do service than youth who do not believe that religion is important in their lives; (3) involvement in church-sponsored service makes it more likely that youth will adopt the religious rationale in which service is couched; and (4) youth who do church-sponsored service are neither service "nerds" nor single-issue tunnel-visioned adolescents. These data from nationally representative samples strengthen the case that the many contemporary youth who take religion seriously are vibrantly engaged in their schooling, in the betterment of communities, and the development of identities which presage healthy lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Friendship in adolescence.

This article reviews current theory and research on adolescent friendship and offers a framework in which friendship is developmentally characterized by reciprocity, co-construction and consensual validation. Three areas of research are reviewed: (1) the relative influence of parents and peers, (2) popularity among peers, and (3) gender differences in friendship. These conclusions are drawn: (1) although peer influence increases during adolescence, parents remain strong socializing agents throughout adolescence; (2) popularity status is associated with social behavior. These behaviors are related to differential developmental outcomes for adolescents; (3) studies on the socialization of gender need to take into account the cultural context and historical changes in male-female distinctions. After years of neglect, social scientists have found friendship to be an important vehicle for psychological and psychiatric development. For example, a promising new development is the use of peer interaction as a therapeutic tool for troubled adolescents.

Adolescent↗