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Biomedical subjects

J ZIMMERMAN

Publications and source records attributed to J ZIMMERMAN.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

SOME NOTES ON TIME OUT FROM REINFORCEMENT.

Pigeons produced food on a fixed-ratio schedule by pecking at one key, and an S(Delta) period by pecking at a second (switching) key. Switching behavior was examined as a function of (a) size of the fixed ratio, (b) whether the S(Delta) was of fixed duration or could be determined by the bird, (c) the introduction of a novel food S(D), (d) extinction of food responding, and (e) the stimuli associated with the S(D) and S(Delta) conditions. No monotonic relationship was obtained between ratio size and switching behavior. Switching behavior was, however, influenced by many variables. The results suggest that an interpretation of switching behavior in terms of its being reinforced by the removal of aversive conditions, is open to considerable question.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

CHAINED VI PERFORMANCE OF PIGEONS MAINTAINED WITH AN ADDED STIMULUS.

Pecks at a first (left) key were reinforced by a partial movement (advance) of the voltmeter behind the key toward the maximum position. When the meter reached maximum deflection, pecks at a second key were continuously reinforced with food. The schedule of reinforcement by which pecking the first key produced a deflection, as well as the size of the deflection, were varied in a series of experiments. The rate of responding on the first key was more affected by changes in the number of steps required to move the meter to the maximum position (the size of the deflection) than by the value of the variable-interval schedule by which pecking produced a meter deflection. The rate at which the bird pecked was low when the meter was near the null position, and high as the meter approached the maximum deflection.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

TECHNIQUE FOR SUSTAINING BEHAVIOR WITH CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT.

Pigeons were intermittently reinforced with food for pecking at one key. Concurrent pecking at a second key intermittently produced conditioned reinforcers (the set of stimuli that accompanied food reinforcement, but not the food). Under these conditions, responding on the second key was maintained indefinitely. Rates and patterns of responding on the second key were a function of the schedule of conditioned reinforcement.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Fixed-interval performances with added stimuli in monkeys.

The performance of two monkeys, on fixed-interval schedules, was examined with a visual, an auditory and a combined auditory-visual clock. The clock, a voltmeter and/or a variable frequency tone, produced performances different in many aspects from those recorded earlier with pigeons. Instead of the sustained high rates of responding at the optimal settings of the clock, the monkey's rates of responding were often extremely low even though a limited-hold contingency was utilized.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Intermittent punishment of Sdelta responding in matching to sample.

Incorrect matching responses of two pigeons on matching to sample were either continuously (CRF) or intermittently (FR) followed by a time out (TO). The matching accuracy was examined as a function of both TO duration and TO frequency (ratio size). With intermediate TO durations (10 sec, 1 min), accuracy increased as the frequency of TO increased. With an extremely short (1 sec) and an extremely long (10 min) TO duration, accuracy was poor over the entire range of frequencies.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

PUNISHMENT OF S-DELTA RESPONDING OF HUMANS IN CONDITIONAL MATCHING TO SAMPLE BY TIME-OUT.

Human subjects were intermittently reinforced with money for performing correctly on a conditional matching-to-sample task. The matching performance was examined as a function of a) the duration of Time-Outs (TOs) which followed every incorrect response and b) the frequency (FR value) with which TOs followed incorrect responses. The matching accuracy increased with longer TOs and decreased with less frequent presentation of TOs.

Conditioning, Operant↗
PubMed1962

Spaced responding in multiple DRL schedules.

Rats were able to adjust to two different temporal requirements within several multiple DRL schedules of reinforcement, and a slight induction between pairs of components was found. Initial administration of dl-amphetamine differentially disrupted spaced responding in the components of a multiple DRL 36 DRL 18 schedule, but did not eliminate discrimination between the components. After maximum drug effects, the continued administration of dl-amphetamine was accompanied by a progressive recovery of the behavior towards the characteristics of saline control.

Amphetamine↗