Are the "little muscles" what we think they are?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Zadeh.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The posterior sacral branches, when connecting, form the posterior sacral plexus and its terminal branch, the posterior gluteal nerve that we suggest be called the inter-gluteal nerve because of its course and territory. Apart from their anatomic interest, their lesions can explain some neuralgias in sacrococcygeal attacks.
At the cervical level, in the foramen, the rachidian nerve is surrounded by two mantles: a dural one and a fibrous one continuing the epidural periosteal sheet of which it is a thickening. We can wonder whether this fibrous sheath is at the origin of some cervical radiculalgias in which one cannot detect any radiological lesion of the skeleton or disk.
This report concerns not only anatomical study of posterior branches of the spinal nerves, but has also a clinical aim. The cutaneous territories and the sites of pain irradiation are precised. In the cervico-thoracic region emphasis is placed on the importance of the fourth cervical posterior branch and of the second dorsal posterior branch. At the lumbar and sacral levels the authors distinguish three pain pathways: from up to down and from outside to inside: the first corresponding to posterior branches of 11th and 12th dorsal nerves, the second to those of first, second and third lumbar nerves and the third to sacral nerves.
By opposition to the anterior branches of spinal nerves which are constituted by motor, sensitive and autonomic fibers, some of the posterior branches have not or have few of sensitive territory: C1, C5, C6, C7, D1, L4, L5 are like that. This particularity ought to be reflected in their histogram. In a first analyse authors study number of fibers, in a second their caliber.
Two times on three exist one cutaneous innervation hiatus from C4 to Th2. Sometimes C5 and Th1 have cutaneous territory, never C6, C7 and C8 reach the skin. It seems that for compensated absence or little extent of cutaneous territories of C5 and Th1, neighbouring posterior branches C4 and Th2 are particularly important.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Attempt at evaluation of the operative risk depending on seven factors. 1--For benign tumours (Example: meningiomas): 1--greater than 65 years; 2--functional insufficiency, depending on the type of tumour; 3--the volume of the tumour; 4--site of the tumour; 5--foreseeable operative difficulties; 6--the importance of intra-cranial hypertension and the level of pre-operative consciousness; 7--life expectancy, quantitative and qualitative. II--Extrapolation of the previous equation to malignant tumours, chronic sub-dural hematoma, intra-cerebral hematoma and surgery of pain.
Following a recent statistical survey of 56 cases over a period of 3 years the authors considered the choice between the frontal or the parieto-temporal approaches to intracerebral haematomas. From their anatomical studies they considered that the frontal route is the better for approach to haematomas of the external capsule, whereas the parieto-temporal approach is preferred for haematomas of the internal capsule.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.