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Biomedical subjects

J Zahradník

Publications and source records attributed to J Zahradník.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Kinetics of phenols in body fluid compartments during hemodialysis.

On the basis of direct quantification of hemodialysis (HD), the kinetics of phenols (Ph) were followed in 13 patients on regular HD treatment. The average plasma levels of Ph before and after HD were 627 +/- 109 mumol/L and 416 +/- 81 mumol/L, respectively. The total amount of Ph removed during 5-h HD was 7,481 +/- 1,894 mumol. For calculation of the generation rate (G), a new formula has been derived not requiring knowledge of the corresponding volume of distribution. The G of Ph was 2.9 +/- 0.7 mumol/min on average. The mean dialysis clearance (K) of Ph was 48.2 +/- 10.2 ml/min.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in amino acids in a regular dialysis program].

BACKGROUND: Dialyzed patients are chronically in a state of negative nitrogen balance, and amino acids, their building stones, are also significantly affected by dialysis. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess whether they should be supplied, how frequently and for how long and how they are influenced by the usual diet of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The examination was made in a group of 13 patients included in a regular haemodialysis programme. Their mean age was 53.2 +/- 12.4 years, they were dialyzed for an average period of 55 months, maximum 163 months. The patients were dialyzed three times per week for four hours, bicarbonate dialysate was used. The patients' diet was not modified in any way. A total of 52 haemodialysis were examined: losses of alpha-amino nitrogen were monitored as well as changes of serum concentrations of different amino acids. Their mean losses were 119 +/- 54.69 mmol/4 h: this corresponds to 10.5 +/- 4.8 mg amino acids. The dialysis clearance was on average 122.7 +/- 63.2 ml/min. This value did not differ significantly from the dialysis clearance of urea, but it was significantly higher than creatinine clearance (p < 0.05). During dialysis a significant drop (p < 0.001) of the plasma concentration of amino nitrogen occurred, however, the changes of serum concentrations of amino acids differed. A significant drop was recorded in serum concentrations of histamine, lysine, cysteine, methionine, tyrosine, glycine, asparagine, citrullin, glutamine, taurine. Before the beginning of dialysis the values of valine, lysine, threonine, serine, alanine and asparagine were lower than corresponds to the reference interval in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Changes of serum concentrations of individual amino acids are significantly influenced not only by their losses into the dialysate but also by their shift from cells into the extracellular fluid and by resorption from the digestive tract during protein intake in the course of dialysis. An adequate supply of high quality protein can compensate for these losses. Investigation of serum concentration of individual amino acids does not record their kinetic changes but can give an idea on the effectiveness of the dietary regime.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

[Determination of urea distribution space on the basis of hemodialysis quantification].

By using direct dialysis quantification--DDQ--in 124 haemodialyses made in 14 patients the authors assessed the urea output in mmol in the dialyzation fluid collected after every dialysis. The evaluation of total body fluids, which accounts roughly for 60% of the total body weight, was replaced by a calculated distribution space of urea (Vu) according to the Du/Ppre--Ppost formula. This equation was modified with regard to the degree of ultrafiltration and urea formation. The authors found a 5% difference between the values of the modified Vu equation and total body fluids corresponding to 60% of the body weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication in end stage renal disease patients.

The commonest pathological findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract have been verified by studying 320 autopsies as related to chronic renal failure through the 20-year span. In our series of 99 patients having been hospitalized within the period of 1989 to 1990, lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract were summarized that might be responsible for bleeding in the course of the dialysis and after renal transplantation. In accordance with literature sources, the investigated group showed gastric and duodenal mucosal lesions to be the most frequent sources of hemorrhages. For both the early diagnosis and therapy all patients have to be examined prior to the initiation of a regular maintenance dialysis. Gastroscopy is also indicated in all patients without any exception. Subsequent conservative treatment should be performed in an intensive and accurate way. While unsuccessful, the surgery is indicated. Authors referred to indicatory criteria based on surgical management of gastroduodenal ulcer. Both the early diagnosis and indication to surgery were stated to be of crucial importance for patient's destiny when the conservative treatment has failed. The present study should contribute to a closer collaboration of nephrologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons in order to prevent such serious complications that are represented by gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of lactoferrin in the diagnosis of pancreatopathy in patients with chronic kidney failure].

The authors investigated in patients with renal disease the lactoferrin content in duodenal aspirate. The aspirate was obtained after previous stimulation of the pancreas with pancreozymin. Lactoferrin estimation is described in the literature as a sensitive examination of changes of exocrine pancreatic secretion. The authors provided evidence that by assessing lactoferrin it is possible to detect initial changes of reduced exocrine pancreatic capacity already in subjects who are on the waiting list of chronic intermittent haemodialyzation programmes (CHIDP); maximum increase of the lactoferrin content in the duodenal aspirate corresponds with the severity of chronic renal failure. Transplantation of the kidneys leads to normalization of the amount of lactoferrin secreted by the pancreas which is evidence of normalization of pancreatic secretion. In patients with chronic renal failure lactoferrin is a sensitive marker of developing uraemic pancreatopathy.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Hemorrhage into the digestive tract as a cause of death in patients after kidney transplantation].

The authors investigated the prevalence, cause and possible prevention of haemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract in 218 patients after transplantation of the kidney (TK). 1. Haemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract after TK occurred in 32 patients incl. 53.1% who died. In the total mortality after TK haemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract account for 15.7%. 2. The danger of haemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract is increased in particular: in the early postoperative period (within one month after transplantation of the kidney), during acute rejection with declining function of the graft, in infectious complications, after graftectomy, in preexisting peptic ulcers. 3. The most frequent cause of haemorrhage were duodenal ulcers. The authors elaborated a system of preventive provisions which involve: a) medicamentous prophylaxis by administration of H2 blockers and antacids not only at the time of transplantation of the kidney and during the early postoperative period but also when there is an increased risk, b) detailed gastroenterological examination before transplantation of the kidney, c) in case of relapsing peptic ulceration in the case-history or haemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract, subject patients on the waiting list for transplantation of the kidneys during the dialyzation period to proximal gastric vagotomy, or so-called highly selective vagotomy.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1989

[Complications of subclavian and femoral cannulas].

In the course of 15 years in the author's department some 15,000 cannulas were inserted into the subclavian or femoral vein. This number included cca 2300 cannulas inserted to dialyzed patients. 213 patients (inl. 28 dialyzed) died with the inserted cannula. In these patients the incidence of complications was evaluated. A parietal thrombosis was the most frequent complication and was recorded in 119 cases, i.e. in 56% (in non-dialyzed in 57% and in dialyzed in 50%). In two non-dialyzed patients it was the cause of embolization into the lungs. In the incidence of complications there is no significant difference in dialyzed and non-dialyzed patients. For completeness the authors present a preliminary calculation per approximate number of inserted cannulas during this period. From the total number of 15,000 inserted cannulas fatal complications occurred in 0.06% (in dialyzed in 0.13% and non-dialyzed in 0.047%).

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed1989

[Early acute tubulointerstitial nephropathy in transplanted kidneys].

The authors investigated in a group of 124 patients the effect of acute tubular nephropathy and rejection on the period of functional persistence of transplanted kidneys. Transplants which developed tubulointerstitial nephropathy during the first two weeks after transplantation of the kidney had significantly lower cumulative indexes of survival for as long as the second year after transplantation. Grafts which were rejected during the first two weeks after transplantation had a significantly lower cumulative survival index only during the first and second year. The statistical significance was always tested in comparison with grafts where the postoperative course was uneventful. It is better to evaluate the functional prognosis of transplanted kidneys from the maximal achieved glomerular filtration after a load; it did not matter whether tubulointerstitial nephropathy or rejection was involved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Hydrocarbons in green and blue-green algae.

Liquid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to determine the total content of hydrocarbons and gas chromatography was used to evaluate composition of hydrocarbons in green algae (Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus acutus, S. acuminatus, S. obliquus) and the blue-green alga (Spirulina platensis) cultivated under autotrophic or heterotrophic conditions. In C. kessleri cultivated under heterotrophic conditions the content of hydrocarbons was found to be about 10(-2)% (per dry mass), whereas under autotrophic conditions it was about 10(-3)% (per dry mass). The highest content of hydrocarbons was detected in species of the genus Scenedesmus cultivated autotrophically (10(-1)%). Heptadecane and hexacosane were found as major alkanes, 1-heptadecene was detected among alkenes.

Alkanes↗