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Biomedical subjects

J Zucker

Publications and source records attributed to J Zucker.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

A comprehensive strategy for designing a Web-based medical curriculum.

In preparing for a full featured online curriculum, it is necessary to develop scaleable strategies for software design that will support the pedagogical goals of the curriculum and which will address the issues of acquisition and updating of materials, of robust content-based linking, and of integration of the online materials into other methods of learning. A complete online curriculum, as distinct from an individual computerized module, must provide dynamic updating of both content and structure and an easy pathway from the professor's notes to the finished online product. At the College of Physicians and Surgeons, we are developing such strategies including a scripted text conversion process that uses the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) as structural markup rather than as display markup, automated linking by the use of relational databases and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), integration of text, images, and multimedia along with interface designs which promote multiple contexts and collaborative study.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

One-year follow-up evaluation of 260 premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome and birth weights of 700 to 1350 grams randomized to two rescue doses of synthetic surfactant or air placebo. American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of synthetic surfactant therapy for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and birth weights of 700 to 1350 gm demonstrated a reduction in severity of RDS, morbidity, and neonatal and 1-year mortality. Of the 419 infants who were entered in the study, 80% of the surviving infants in both the air placebo group (122) and the synthetic surfactant group (138) returned for the follow-up evaluation at 1-year adjusted age. The only significant difference observed at follow-up was a reduction in the incidence of mild cerebral palsy in the synthetic surfactant group (air placebo group, 8 of 122 (7%); synthetic surfactant group, 3 of 138 (2%); relative risk 0.306; 95% confidence interval 0.094, 0.999). No differences were observed between the air placebo and synthetic surfactant treatment groups with respect to health status of the infants, including the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and neurodevelopmental delays. The difference in the overall incidence of impairment among the 1-year survivors in the air placebo group (43 of 122 (35%)) and in the synthetic surfactant group (40 of 138 (29%)) was not statistically significant. The results of this 1-year follow-up study show that rescue treatment with synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 700 to 1300 gm is not associated with adverse developmental consequences despite the improvement in survival.

Air↗
PubMed1994

CPMCnet: an integrated information and internet resource.

The Network and Computer Systems department of the Health Sciences Library developed CPMCnet, an UNIX-based information and Internet server at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. The project linked Gopher and World-Wide Web protocols as well as clients into an integrated application, providing the advantages of both. Development and use of CPMCnet has opened new channels of communication among information providers and end-users.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1994

Testing hypotheses for risk factors for contact lens-associated infectious keratitis in an animal model.

Various risk factors contributing to contact lens related infectious corneal ulcers were tested. These factors included the presence of infectious organisms, loss of corneal surface integrity, and corneal hypoxia. High concentrations of Pseudomonas bacteria were applied to rabbit corneas under the following conditions: normal, intact corneal surface; "mild" corneal hypoxia with extended-wear soft contact lens and eyes closed; "moderate" corneal hypoxia with daily wear soft contact lens and eyes closed; "severe" corneal hypoxia with daily wear aphakic soft contact lens and eyes closed; corneal abrasion and eyes open; corneal abrasion and eyes closed; corneal abrasion with soft contact lens and closed eyes. No infectious ulcers occurred in normal intact corneas. The frequency of infectious ulcers increased with increasing degrees of corneal swelling. No ulcers were found in corneas with a mean swelling of 10%, whereas a mean swelling of 20% resulted in ulcers in half the group, and a mean swelling of 43% resulted in ulcers in all eyes. The three groups of abraded corneas resulted in infectious ulcers at a 20 to 30% frequency. The presence of infectious organisms alone does not lead to infectious corneal ulcers in rabbits. Corneal abrasions are a risk factor for infectious ulcers, but moderate and severe degrees of hypoxia are more significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinical, scholarly & campus information hypertext tools at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.

In conjunction with other researchers at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (CPMC) we have developed a number of hypertext and free text retrieval computer applications aimed at an extremely diverse audience which includes students and faculty in a university setting as well as health care providers and patients in hospital and clinic settings. Hypertext and free text systems offer features which make them ideal for presenting information in a wide variety of contexts; however, they also have several major weaknesses which must be addressed before these applications can be useful tools. We have learned to maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses to present material in a manner that is individualized to the needs of each user from the research scientist in the lab to the patient at the bedside.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1991

Central cholinergic depression reduces MAC for isoflurane in rats.

The role of central nervous system cholinergic neuromechanisms during inhalation (isoflurane) anesthesia was evaluated by measuring the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in rats before and after selective modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain. Cholinergic neurotransmission was depressed by reducing synaptic levels of acetylcholine with intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the selective anticholinergic hemicholinium-3 and with ICV injection of the presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptor agonist oxotremorine. Hemicholinium-3 (20 micrograms) decreased MAC by 18% (P less than 0.001), and oxotremorine (20 micrograms) decreased MAC by 29% (P less than 0.001). Conversely, elevating synaptic levels of acetylcholine and facilitation of cholinergic neurotransmission by treatment with physostigmine significantly increased MAC. Antagonism of muscarinic receptors with ICV injection of atropine (30 micrograms) failed to alter MAC, but antagonism of nicotinic receptors with ICV injection of pancuronium significantly decreased MAC in a dose-dependent fashion. The results support the hypothesis that depressed cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain plays a role in the mediation of the anesthetized state. The consequences of depressed synaptic levels of acetylcholine during anesthesia may be mediated through a previously unidentified postsynaptic nicotinic neuromechanism.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1990

[Oral manifestations of skin diseases].

There exists a multitude of systemic diseases which exhibit consequential oral manifestations. Dermatologic disorders frequently involve intraoral and perioral tissues which dental practitioners should be familiar with. A compilation of disorders including; bullous diseases (such as Pemphigus Vulgaris, Erythema Multiforme, Pemphigoid, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Epidermolysis Bullosa, and Darier's disease), as well as non bullous diseases (such as Lichen Planus, Psoriasis, Lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, and Perioral Dermatitis); and their oral manifestations are presented in order to facilitate their early diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

Darier Disease↗
PubMed1987

Effects of intraseptal drug administration on pentobarbital-induced narcosis and hippocampal choline uptake.

Effects of injection of drugs into the septum on pentobarbital anesthesia were investigated in the rat. Intraseptal microinjection of bicuculline (5 micrograms), arecoline (2 micrograms), and phenylephrine (5 micrograms) shortened, MK-212 (5 micrograms) prolonged, and atropine (2 micrograms) had no significant effect on the duration of pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex. Bicuculline and arecoline increased and MK-212 reduced hippocampal cholinergic activity as measured by change in hippocampal sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake after intraseptal drug injection. It is concluded that activation of the septal-hippocampal cholinergic pathway might be an important neuromechanism for recovery from pentobarbital-narcosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Council on clinical optometric care.

In today's highly mobile society, it is of utmost importance that continuity of health care be maintained insofar as possible. The peer review process in establishing standards for optometric care has been of inestimable value in upgrading and providing uniform care throughout the country without infringing or interfering with the professional judgment of the practitioner regarding diagnosis and treatment of the patient. As the vision care needs of the population grow and as the knowledge of care and treatment increases, the clinical council will retain its flexibility to meet these changing needs and continue to strive for the provision of quality optometric care.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1979

A simple method of screening for multiple myeloma of the IgG-3 type.

A simple method for distinguishing IgG-3 myelomas from IgG myelomas of the other subclasses is described. The method relies on the increased molecular size of the IgG-3 molecule, and is far quicker than previously described chemical methods of subclass typing.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗