Missing or contradictory answers on questionnaires--a valuable source of information.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Female↗
Biomedical subjects
J le Roux
Publications and source records attributed to J le Roux.
HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practices among South African military recruits.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of HIV-related knowledge, as well as high-risk behaviour and attitudes towards HIV, in a group of South African National Defence Force (SANDF) recruits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tempe military base in Bloemfontein. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and thirty-nine recruits from one company. OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and practices based on a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: All of the recruits were male, and most of them (81.4%) were black. The majority of recruits (98.5%) were between 18 and 24 years old. They had a good level of knowledge regarding HIV and AIDS, with more than 80% giving a correct response in most cases. However, several important misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS and its transmission still exist. Furthermore, several recruits still practised high-risk behaviour, such as not using condoms with casual or new partners. Most obtained their knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS from schools (34.8%), health and social services (27.1%) and the printed media (17.7%), while only 5.2% stated that they learnt about HIV/AIDS from the SANDF education programmes. CONCLUSION: Efforts towards initiating behaviour changes in military recruits should be intensified, and if necessary education programmes should be adapted to facilitate achievement of this goal.
Adolescent↗
Assessment of the micronucleus assay as a biological dosimeter using cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes from cancer patients receiving fractionated partial body-radiotherapy.
PURPOSE: To assess the suitability of the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay as a biological dosimeter following in-vivo radiation using cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: Blood from 4 healthy donors was irradiated in vitro with gamma-rays and the dose response of induced micronuclei in binucleate lymphocytes following cytokinesis block was determined. Micronucleus frequency was ascertained before and at intervals during radiotherapy treatment in 6 patients with various tumors in the pelvic region. Equivalent whole body doses (physical doses) at these times were calculated from radiation treatment plans and cumulative dose volume histograms. RESULTS: Linear dose response relationships were found for induced micronucleus frequency in lymphocytes resulting from both in-vitro and in-vivo irradiation. Doses resulting from in-vivo irradiation (biological doses) were estimated by substitution of micronucleus frequency observed in radiotherapy patients into the dose response curve from in-vitro irradiation of blood. The relationship between the biologically estimated dose (BD) and the calculated equivalent whole body dose (PD) was BD = 0.868 (+/- 0.043)PD + 0.117 (+/- 0.075). CONCLUSION: The micronucleus assay appears to offer a reliable and consistent method for equivalent whole body radiation dose estimation, although our findings should be confirmed using lymphocytes from radiotherapy patients with tumors at anatomical sites other than the pelvis. Except at doses lower than about ).4 Gy, the method yields dose estimates acceptably close to "true" physically determined doses. The assay can be performed relatively rapidly and can be used as a "first line" biological dosimeter in situations where accidental exposure to relatively high radiation doses has occurred.
Adult↗
Causes and characteristics of the street child phenomenon: a global perspective.
The street child phenomenon is an alarming and escalating worldwide problem. Street children are maltreated, imprisoned and, in some countries, killed. Street children, as the offspring of complex contemporary urban environments, represent one of our most serious global challenges. This article investigates the causes of this phenomenon, as well as the characteristics of street children throughout the world. In addition, the specific circumstances of street children in Nepal, Indonesia, India, Latin America, and the Philippines are discussed.
Child↗
Milieu deprivation and its implications for education in the Republic of South Africa.
Due to milieu deficiencies and psychosocial handicaps, some groups are caught in a spiral of poverty and experience serious obstruction to optimal self-actualization and to the achievement of a satisfactory quality of life. This article describes the problem of educating milieu-deprived students in the Republic of South Africa, as well as the implications for educational reform.
Education↗
Psychological characteristics of South African street children.
Millions of children worldwide are subjected to poverty, abuse, and neglect, yet only a minority choose to abandon their homes in search of a supposedly better life on the street. This article seeks to identify the psychological characteristics that predispose certain children to run away and to survive, often for long periods, on the streets of South Africa. Vulnerability and resilience are examined, as well as social conditions that mediate the psychological predisposition to become a street child.
Adolescent↗
Public perceptions of, and reactions to, street children.
Research has shown that no treatment program designed for street children can succeed unless the community is prepared to respect, protect, and provide opportunities for them (Tacon, cited in Schurink & Rip, 1993). Unfortunately, these children are abused in many parts of the world (Aptekar, 1994). This paper investigates why the general public, as well as those charged with enforcing the law, often treat street children with scorn and hostility.
Adolescent↗
Is the street child phenomenon synonymous with deviant behavior?
The police, court officials, social workers, and the public, in general, perceive street children negatively--their behavior is deemed deviant. This paper examines the concept of deviance as a label placed on the powerless by those in positions of power.
Adolescent↗
The worldwide phenomenon of street children: conceptual analysis.
Today, both developed and developing countries are facing the problem posed by street children. The world often tries to forget or ignore them, and sometimes even denies they exist. As the big cities grow, so will the number of street children; so deprivation which begets frustration which begets violence will also grow; and so a worldwide socioeducational problem emerges. No country and virtually no city anywhere in the world can escape the presence of these so-called street children. In this article the phenomenon of street children as a rapidly growing socioeducational challenge is analysed.
Adolescent↗
Excretion of technetium 99m hexakismethoxyisobutylisonitrile in milk.
The amount of radioactivity excreted in breast milk following the administration of technetium 99m hexakismethoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) to a patient referred for cold spot myocardial scintigraphy was determined. During the first 24 h after administration, only 41.2 kBq 99mTc (0.0084% of the injected dose) was excreted in 448 ml milk with the highest concentration of 0.49 kBq/ml in the first sample. The images obtained show a high concentration of 99mTc-MIBI in the lactating breasts contrary to the very small percentage excreted in the milk. Comparison with various recommendations regarding nursing after administration of radiopharmaceuticals seems to indicate that the administration of 99mTc-MIBI does not necessitate an interruption of breast-feeding.
Adult↗