Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J von Sandersleben.
The present knowledge about the neuropathologic findings and postmortem investigation methods in neurologic diseases of martens is reviewed. Following diseases are discussed: encephalitis due to viruses (rabies, distemper), bacteria (streptococcus, staphylococcus), and parasites (toxoplasmosis, hepatozoonosis, nematodes); furthermore, metabolic disorders (amyloidosis, congophilic angiopathy, calcinosis), and congenital malformations.
The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses is primarily based on a chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis with constriction of the tubes in the lower respiratory tract. The outward appearance of the lung is characterized by a diffuse or marginal alveolar emphysema. The big bronchial tubes are usually not altered. Small bronchi and bronchioli can often be seen through the pulmonal pleura. On the sectional area they are visible as opaque grey-red nodules with a central lumen detectable under a magnifying glass. The histopathological picture of alterations in the bronchial tree can vary from case to case. In the smaller bronchi and bronchioli, three basic types of inflammatory and obstructive processes can be distinguished: Type 1: accumulation of mucous exudate in the bronchial tubes and bronchioli, in some cases also in the alveoles; Type 2: desquamative purulent bronchitis/bronchiolitis; Type 3: non-purulent peribronchitis/peribronchiolitis. Indications of a chronic process cannot always be demonstrated. Interstitial lymphocytic infiltrations can be regarded as a manifestation of the chronic course. Hypertrophy of the muscles of the bronchi, metaplasia of the epithelium, fibrosis of the bronchial walls and the neighboring alveoles with hyperplasia of the epithelium are rarely found. The histopathological picture is representative for the final stage of pulmonary diseases without any hint as to the etiology. However, if eosinophilic granulocytes are detected in the peribronchial tissue, an allergic origin is most likely.
In three young fox terriers a lipid storage disease is reported. This thesaurosis is almost identical to Wolman's disease in children. Clinically and pathologically hepatosplenomegaly is the most striking feature. Morphologically the disease is characterized by extensive lipid deposition mainly in liver, spleen, lymphnodes, intestinal mucosa, and bone marrow. Circular corneal lipid deposit (Arcus lipoides corneae) is of diagnostic significance. Some of the material has the typical structure of cholesterol crystals. Under polarized light the deposits consist of birefringent and non-birefringent lipids. All three dogs with lipid storage disease have one common ancestor. In addition their pedigrees reveal close relationship amongst the nearer forefathers and the affected animals themselves. From analogy with human Wolman's disease it is concluded, that in the Foxterrier, too, this lipid storage disease is caused by an inheritable deficiency of acid esterase. The mode of inheritance of this inborn lysosomal disease is probably autosomal recessive.
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During the past 15 1/2 years (from 1969 to the middle of 1984) 35 canine primary gastric neoplasms (32 necropsies and 3 partial gastric resections) were examined. Brought into relation with the total number of necropsies carried out in dogs (12,494) the incidence of stomach tumours in the dogs is 0.3%. The tumours are classified as 12 benign (1 adenomatous polyp, 11 leiomyomas) and 23 malign neoplasms (20 carcinomas, 3 sarcomas). In addition a circumscribed hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa is reported. The average age of the dogs with carcinomas is 8.9 years. The tumours were most frequently located in the pyloric region and combined with ulcerations. Most of them had metastases. According to a classification of human gastric carcinomas, which also is applied to animals, 18 tumours are of the "diffuse type", two of the "intestinal type". The described cases are compared with corresponding data of the literature. The pathogenesis and the etiology of gastric carcinomas are discussed.
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Spindle cells of myomatous formations of 19 canine mixed mammary tumors were studied by light and electron microscopy. The EM findings indicate that the spindle-shaped tumor cells are mostly of myoepithelial origin. However there were also formations of spindle cells which consisted of fibroblasts or fibrocytes. By light microscopy they are not always clearly distinguishable.
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The early stages of myoepithelial proliferation in 14 mixed canine mammary tumours were studied by light- and electron microscopy. Two different early stages can be distinguished: 1. Proliferations inside the basal lamina with partial maintenance of the organoid pattern. 2. Proliferations with a break through the basal lamina and transposition of tumour cells into the surrounding connective tissue. The intracytoplasmic fibrillae of myoepithelial tumour cells are striped periodically and thicker than those of normal myothelia. It is suggested that the amorphous as well as the fibrous intercellular substance in the early stages is derived from the described myoepithelial tumour cells.
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The epithelial tumours of the thyroid are divided into benign, malignant, and C-cell categories. The malignant tumours are described under the following names: follicular carcinoma, solid and solid-follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. The malignant mesenchymal tumours are described as fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. There are also coexistent tumours and carcinosarcomas.