Structural investigation of the negative-thermal-expansion material ZrW2O8.
High-resolution powder diffraction data have been recorded on cubic ZrW(2)O(8) [a = 9.18000 (3) Å at 2 K] at 260 temperatures from 2 to 520 K in 2 K steps. These data have confirmed that alpha-ZrW(2)O(8) has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha = -9.07 x 10(-6) K(-1) (2-350 K). A 'parametric' approach to Rietveld refinement is adopted and it is demonstrated that a full anisotropic refinement can be performed at each temperature, despite using a data collection time of only 5 min. Examination of the resulting structural parameters suggests that the origin of the contraction with increasing temperature can be traced straightforwardly to the rigid-body transverse librations of bridging O atoms. alpha-ZrW(2)O(8) undergoes a phase transition from P2(1)3 to Pa3; at 448 K that is associated with the onset of considerable oxygen mobility. The phase transition can be described in terms of a simple cubic three-dimensional Ising model. Unusual kinetics are associated with this phase transition. Hysteresis in the cell parameter through the phase transition is the opposite of that normally observed.