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Biomedical subjects

Jacek Bomba

Publications and source records attributed to Jacek Bomba.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Point prevalence of psychoactive substance use and depression in childhood and adolescence].

Increasing use of psychoactive substances and early age of initiation to them demand effective methods of prevention and early intervention. In epidemiological studies, 12, 15 and 19 years old students responded anonymously to the question of BDI and Substance Use Questionnaire. The analysis of 3446 sets of questionnaires revealed statistically significant coincidence of depression and use of alcohol and "narcotics" in girls and boys in all studied age groups and of depression and smoking in 12 y.o. boys. The findings allow for indication of depressive children and adolescents as a risk group of substance abuse and dependency development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Attachment and brain development].

Significant achievements of neuroscience point out a role of stimulation in infant brain development. Attachment style is found to reflect in development of cortex--limbic system functional structures having this way fundamental influence on emotional development of the child and its future mental health. Styles of attachment are in this way transmitted from generation to generation. Before treatment methods based on these finding will be developed, prevention in a form of infant care and psychotherapy should be introduced.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychiatrists looking at biology. What are they expecting?].

Psychiatry defines itself as a medical discipline using achievements of biology and other sciences concerned with human kind. Its methodology is borrowed from them. Biological methodology seems to be more attractive taking onto account contemporary standards of science. But, answers to questions formulated by psychiatry appear to be not satisfactory due to reduction both biological and humanistic methodology requires. Nevertheless new achievements in both approaches open new horizons for research. The main difficulty for this direction is a solid wall erected between them in a course of psychiatry development.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adolescent depression and the risk factors for the development of mental disorders--15 years prospective follow up].

AIM: Assessment of impact of adolescent depression on the development of mental disorders, substance dependency and social pathology in adulthood, and difference of the risk between depression in early and middle adolescence. METHOD: In 1984 prevalence of depression was assessed in a representative sample of adolescent urban population. Kraków Depression Inventory (KID) was used as a screening tool. In 2000 all participants of the earlier phase of the study were informed by mail about the task of the project and asked to answer attached the questionnaire. Information on care was collected from district psychiatric hospitals and local intoxication centres. 985 letters were sent (introductory data about 50 persons were not complete). 50 letters were returned without an answer. 256 persons (168 women and 87 men) responded. RESULTS: A statistically significant relation was observed between adolescent depression and worse general health condition and cigarette smoking. Mid-adolescent depression in men was related with a lack of significant partnership, while in women with motherhood and disrupted marriage. Early adolescent depression in women was related with less extended extra-familiar social relations. Women depressive in mid-adolescence, on the contrary, declared more relations of this kind. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent depression screened by KID seems to influence a general health status and social relations, especially in women. The character of this impact is not clear. Gender is of a more important role in comparison with the stage of adolescence in which depression appeared.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The year 2002 in Polish psychiatry].

The aim of this paper is a reflection upon the most important issues in Polish psychiatry in 2002. In the mental health care development, an unfavorable legal regulation on the profession of the psychologist was passed and another change in health care financing in Poland. The role of Polish psychiatrists in international actions inspired by the World Psychiatric Association could be noted, especially in the de-stigmatising "Open the doors", as well as the stance towards 2nd generation antipsychotics. A positive growing interest and tendency in post-graduate psychiatric training was noticed, especially constant training. The publication of a new, large clinical textbook on psychiatry was noted, leading the probable direction of post-graduate training and development of scientific research. Special attention was drawn to the return of neuro-surgical interventions in treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorders, namely the nonstandard position of stereotactic operations on the limbic system in these disorders. Such a position is the result of insufficient scientific documentation on the effectiveness of such procedures and weakly documented theoretical bases.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Safety and efficacy of olanzapine versus perphenazine in patients with schizophrenia: results of multicenter, 18-week, double-blind clinical trial].

AIM: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms during treatment with olanzapine (10-20 mg) versus perphenazine (8-40 mg) using the Simpson Angus Scale (SAS). The secondary objective was to assess the safety profile and clinical efficacy of the investigated drugs. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 95 patients with schizophrenia who met the criteria for DSM-IV were randomized to a double-blind, 18 week prospective comparative trail conducted in Poland. The tolerance of treatment was assessed with the use of scales: BAS, SAS and UKU. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated with BPRS, PANSS and CGOI scales. RESULTS: For olanzapine patients, the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms improved after 3 first weeks of treatment, and significantly decreased from the baseline to endpoint. Perphenazine patients showed an increase of extrapyramidal symptoms. The difference of the SAS scores change was statistically significant between olanzapine and perphenazine groups. Akathisia symptoms decreased significantly in the olanzapine group during the treatment period, whereas symptoms of akathisia increased in the perphenazine group. Statistically significant differences of mean change of BAS total score from baseline to endpoint were noted between treatment groups Treatment--emergent adverse events occurred more frequently in patients receiving perphenazine (46%), than in patients receiving olanzapine (17%). The proportion of patients complying with improvement criteria for CGI scale score was statistically greater in the olanzapine group (72.7%) than in the perphenazine group (47.9%). Results of this study showed that the tolerance profile in patients taking olanzapine is superior to perphenazine. CONCLUSIONS: Olanzapine was better tolerated than perphenazine. After olanzapine treatment more subjects fulfilled the criterion of improvement and schizophrenic symptoms were less severe than in patients treated with perphenazine.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of depression in Krakow population of 17 years old students in years 1984 and 2001].

UNLABELLED: Results of scarce epidemiological studies on depression in adolescents are diverse and dependent of survey methodology as well as on the theoretical approach of researchers. Those studies where the methods are comparable show that depression prevalence depends on the macrosocial situation and the adolescence stage. AIM: The study aimed to assess changes in depression prevalence in mid-adolescents between 1984 and 2001. A presumption was made that the social situation in Poland had changed in the last 17 years. METHOD: In 2001 a representative sample of school attending 17 y.o. adolescents was screened with KID-IO"C1". The results were compared with those of a similar survey, using the same method, carried out in 1984. RESULTS: Point prevalence indexes appeared to be similar as well as higher for girls in comparison with boys. However, dependence of depression prevalence and the type of the senior school has changed. In 1984 it was higher in senior schools preparing for university studies, while in 2001--in those which train in a skill. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier conceptualisations of adolescent depression as connected with social conditions making ways to adulthood difficult (e.g. unemployment) as well as high indexes of depression prevalence in adolescents living in regions with higher unemployment rates than in Kraków, allow for an interpretation of the findings as result of macrosocial changes. Other hypotheses e.g. influence of the adolescence timing and course require a longitudinal prospective study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significant events in Polish psychiatry in 2003?].

The aim of this paper was a reflection on the most significant events in Polish psychiatry in 2003. Reform in health care financing and its realisation in 2003 introduced a risk of inhibiting further development of mental health care. The endangerment is a result of allocation of resources, which is inadequate to real costs and promotes in-patient treatment. An additional risk is seen in a project of privatisation of health care institutions. Increasing orientation towards methodology of molecular biology, which is similar to a general global tendency, influences research in psychiatry. Nevertheless the low number of publications resulting from government sponsored studies is disturbing. The situation in forensic psychiatry calls for involvement and studies. Psychiatria Polska published a report indicating low standard of psychiatric expertise for courts and high probability of corruption. The same was reflected in mass media publications later on. Polish Psychiatric Association Board had appointed a special commission to study this problem.

Biological Psychiatry↗