Biomedical subjects

Jacek Gwizdak

Publications and source records attributed to Jacek Gwizdak.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Morphological characteristics of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules.

The solitary pulmonary nodule is a common radiologic abnormality, which is often detected incidentally. It is defined as focal, round or oval areas of increased opacity in the lung which are caused by a variety of disorders, including neoplasm, infection, inflammations, and vascular and congenital abnormalities. Most of the solitary pulmonary nodules are benign, but up to 30%-40% of them are malignant. The main goal of the radiologic evaluation of suspected solitary pulmonary nodules is to differentiate benign from malignant lesions as accurately as possible. The aim of the study was the assessment of the morphological characteristics of the malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. Large nodule size, irregular, spiculated margins, inhomogeneous density of nodule thick walls in cavitary nodules suggest the presence of the malignant lesion. Smooth, well-defined margins, homogeneous density or the presence of diffuse, laminated, central or popcorn-like calcifications suggest the benign nodule. Diffuse, irregular amorphous calcifications suggest the malignant process. Unfortunately there is a kind of overlapping, and some benign nodules may show features typical of malignancy, and some malignant lesions may appear benign. Morphologic characteristics in computed tomography is however helpful in differentiation of benign from malignant nodules.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed2004

High resolution computed tomography in sarcoidosis: typical findings.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown cause in which noncaseating granulomas occur. Granulomas are formed in lymphatic or perilymphatic distribution, along lymphatics and in peribronchovascular interstitium. In some cases the granulomas are formed in interlobular septa or subpleural interstitium. Nodular interstitial densities in parahilar lung regions are very typical of sarcoidosis, especially with coexistent hilar lymphadenopathy. In HRCT the appearance of pulmonary sarcoidosis may vary, masquerading many other diffuse interstitiallung diseases. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the typical findings for sarcoidosis in HRCT, and assessment of their value in differential diagnosis. The most typical HRCT finding in patients with sarcoidosis are small nodules. They are predominantly distributed adjacent to peribronchovascular and subpleural interstitium. Thickenings of peribronchovascular and septal interstitium are also often seen in sarcoidosis. Ground glass opacities are seen in early stages of sarcoidosis. Conglomerates of masses and large nodules may also be seen in advanced diseases, with traction bronchiectases and honeycombing as a result of fibrosis.

Bronchography↗

PubMed2004

The diagnostic value of different imaging modalities in evaluation of bowel obstruction.

The aim of the study was analysing of the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities in evaluation patients with bowel obstruction. The material comprises a group of 47 patients with diagnosed acute abdomen. Erect radiography, and radiographs in supine and left lateral patients' positions, US and CT examination were performed in those patients. CT examination was performed in 5 mm--and 10-mm thick axial sections before and after administering the contrast agent. In 6 patients small barium enema was performed. In 5 cases water-soluble contrast was administered orally. In 6 cases on plane radiographs the presence of high small bowel obstruction was found. In 3 cases the level of small bowel obstruction was in the distal ileum. In 12 patients the obstruction of large bowel was seen on plain radiographs. In 3 patients intussusception of sigmoid bowel was found. The mesenteric ischemia was found to be a reason of bowel obstruction in 5 cases. On CT section soft tissue mass with irregular contrast enhancement was found, reflecting ischemic intestinal loops. In 2 patients the gall stone small bowel obstruction was found. In one of them the presence of gas in the biliary tree was seen on CT images. The determining of the level of the obstruction is facilitated on plain radiographs, erect and in supine and left lateral patients' position. In small bowel obstruction, normal or equivocal initial radiographs may result in a delayed diagnosis. As the bowel diameter cannot be assessed the plain radiographic diagnosis is difficult or impossible. If there is persistent diagnostic difficulty, follow-up plain radiographs taken a few hours later will often resolve the problem and, if not, a barium study or CT may be performed. Orally administering of water-soluble contrast agent, diluted barium, barium enema are also helpful in differentiating the character and etiology of obstruction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in computed tomography.

The aim of the study is presentation the usefulness of CT examination in evaluation of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Material comprises a group of six patients (two women and four men) aged 52-79 years, examined in the 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin between the year 1997 and 2002. In all patients US examination and CT was performed. USG was performed with a Hitachi EUB 410 apparatus. CT was performed with Somatom AR. T scanner by Siemens, with two matrixes, 512 x 512 and 320 x 320 pixels. High resolution reconstruction algorithm was used with the possibility of performing spatial reformations. Five- and 10 mm-axial sections were performed before and after administering of contrast agents. Delayed scans were performed to reveal extravasations of the contrast agent. In three cases axial sections and MPR reconstructions revealed the presence of the periaortic haematoma with active extravasation of the contrasted blood. The ruptured aneurysm in two cases was associated with extensive retroperitoneal haematoma. The periaortic haematoma extended along the wall of the aneurysm. In one case the haematoma was localized mainly in front of aorta. In one case of aneurysm of abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, the rupture or left iliac artery with large retroperitoneal haematoma in the pelvis and intensive extravasation of contrasted blood was seen. The US examination with Power Doppler and Duplex facilitate in three cases evaluation of aneurysm localization. The rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm is life-threatening condition, in vast majority of cases resulting in patient's death. In cases of acute rupture the clinical symptoms and CT examination of stable patients are essential. In chronic rupture the early diagnosis is very important. The main role plays CT examination, which enables revealing of the aneurysm, precise evaluation of the leakage, retroperitoneal haematoma, vertebral destruction and dislocation of aorta and kidneys.

Aged↗