Biomedical subjects

Jacqueline M Charvat

Publications and source records attributed to Jacqueline M Charvat.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Effects of a CHANGE intervention to increase exercise maintenance following cardiac events.

BACKGROUND: Despite participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program, there is a downward trajectory of exercise participation during the year following a cardiac event. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of CHANGE (Change Habits by Applying New Goals and Experiences), a lifestyle modification program designed to increase exercise maintenance in the year following a cardiac rehabilitation program. The CHANGE intervention consists of 5 small-group cognitive-behavioral change counseling sessions in which participants are taught self-efficacy enhancement, problem-solving skills, and relapse prevention strategies to address exercise maintenance problems. METHOD: Participants (N = 250) were randomly assigned to the CHANGE intervention (supplemental to usual care) or a usual-care-only group. Exercise was measured using portable wristwatch heart rate monitors worn during exercise for 1 year. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine differences in exercise over the study year between the study groups. RESULTS: Participants in the usual-care group were 76% more likely than those in the CHANGE group to stop exercising during the year following a cardiac rehabilitation program (hazard ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-2.86, p = .02) when adjusting for the significant covariates race, gender, comorbidity, muscle and joint pain, and baseline motivation. Most participants, however, had less than recommended levels of exercise amount and intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling interventions that use contemporary behavior change strategies, such as the CHANGE intervention, can reduce the number of individuals who do not exercise following cardiac events.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Use of audio-enhanced personal digital assistants for school-based data collection.

PURPOSE: To review the different data collection options available to school-based researchers and to present the preliminary findings on the use of audio-enhanced personal digital assistants (APDA) for use in school-based data collection. METHODS: A newly developed APDA system was used to collect baseline data from a sample of 645 seventh grade students enrolled in a school-based intervention study. Evaluative measures included student response, time to completion, and data quality (e.g., missingness, internal consistency of responses). Differences in data administration and data quality were examined among three groups of students: students newer to the United States speaking English as a second language; special education students; and students not newer to the United States receiving regular education. RESULTS: The APDA system was well received by students and was shown to offer improvements in data administration (increased portability, time to completion) and reduced missing data. Although time to completion and proportion of missing data were similar across the three groups of students, psychometric properties of the data varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS: The APDA system offers a promising new method for collecting data in the middle school environment. Students with cognitive deficits and language barriers were able to complete the survey in a similar amount of time without additional help; however, differences in data quality suggest that limitations in comprehension of the questions remained even though the questions were read to the respondents. More research on the use of APDA is necessary to fully understand the effect of data collection mode with special populations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Using the CHANGE intervention to enhance long-term exercise.

Although Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is effective at reconditioning people following cardiac events, it has had limited effectiveness in assisting participants to maintain the long-term exercise necessary for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. This article describes a promising new intervention, CHANGE (Change Habits by Applying New Goals and Experiences), designed to enhance individuals' problem solving, self-efficacy, and relapse prevention skills regarding long-term exercise. Five small-group, nurse-led sessions are used to provide the intervention during the last three weeks of the formal CR program, and at one and two months following CR. Pilot data indicate that the CHANGE intervention has a positive effect on number and length of exercise sessions, number of minutes exercised, and time spent in target heart rate (HR) zone as measured by wristwatch HR monitors for three months following CR. The CHANGE intervention was found to be acceptable to clients and feasible to clinicians.

Analysis of Variance↗