Biomedical subjects

Jae-Seok Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Jae-Seok Kim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Use of boronic acid disk methods to detect the combined expression of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and Proteus mirabilis.

A study using boronic acid (BA), an AmpC enzyme inhibitor, was designed to detect the combined expression of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases (pAmpCs) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in bacterial isolates naturally lacking chromosomal ampC genes. A total of 122 Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and Proteus mirabilis isolates producing or nonproducing pAmpCs and/or ESBLs were analyzed. Detection of genes encoding ESBLs and AmpCs was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing of PCR products. A > or = 5-mm increase in zone diameter for i) cefoxitin (FOX) and/or cefotetan (CTT) containing BA versus FOX and/or CTT alone was considered positive for AmpC; ii) ceftazidime (CAZ)-clavulanate (CA) and/or cefotaxime (CTX)-CA tested in combination with BA versus CAZ and/or CTX containing BA was considered positive for ESBL. The disk tests of FOX and/or CTT alone and with BA detected 98.4% of organisms producing pAmpCs. All of the 21 pAmpC and ESBL coproducers were accurately detected ESBL by the disk tests of CTX-CA and/or CAZ-CA containing BA and CTX and/or CAZ containing BA. In conclusion, The BA disk test using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology is simple and very efficient method to detect pAmpC and ESBL in organisms naturally lacking chromosomal AmpC enzymes. In particular, the method accurately detects the isolates that harbor both AmpCs and ESBLs.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2006

Clonal spread of both oxyimino-cephalosporin- and cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates co-producing SHV-2a and DHA-1 beta-lactamase at a burns intensive care unit.

Over a 1-month period, a total of 16 ceftriaxone- and cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were isolated from 15 patients hospitalised at a burns intensive care unit (ICU). These isolates showed negative results for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) by the Vitek system and were highly resistant to ceftazidime, aztreonam and cefoxitin (minimum inhibitory concentrations > or =128 microg/mL). The bla(SHV-2a) and bla(DHA-1) genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the isolates were identical. AmpC disk tests for AmpC enzymes as well as double-disk tests and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) confirmatory disk tests for ESBLs yielded positive results for all the isolates. However, only three isolates (18.8%) were shown to produce ESBL by CLSI confirmatory tests using broth microdilution. We report the first outbreak of colonisations and infections due to K. pneumoniae isolates co-producing an SHV-2a ESBL and a DHA-1 AmpC beta-lactamase in a Korean hospital, which were suggested to represent a single clonal spread at a burns ICU. In addition, this report presents problems associated with ESBL detection using broth microdilution in isolates that co-produce an ESBL and an AmpC beta-lactamase.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2006

Association between the methicillin resistance of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, their staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) subtype classification, and their toxin gene profiles.

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance are important determinators of the clinical manifestations and of the treatments of bacterial infections. Here, we studied the associations between the methicillin resistance of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates, their classifications as particular staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) subtypes, and their toxin gene profiles. In total, 252 S. aureus isolates were collected from 13 healthcare facilities in 6 Korean provinces. The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 63%. SCCmec typing and toxin gene analysis were performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. One or more staphylococcal toxin genes were found in 190 (75.4%) strains. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains carried toxin genes more frequently than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains (85.5% versus 53.8%). SCCmec subtypes differed in terms of their frequencies of toxin gene carriage (95.9% in SCCmec II, 74.4% in SCCmec III, and 68.8% in SCCmec IV). Specific SCCmec subtypes frequently harbored particular toxin gene combinations: 77.3% of SCCmec II strains carried sec and tst genes, 48.8% of SCCmec III strains carried sea and see genes, and 46.9% of SCCmec IV carried sea and seb genes. Indeed, the most prevalent combination in MRSA strains, that of sec and tst, was only observed in SCCmec II strains, and these strains failed to show the coexistence of sea and see or sea and seb genes. Thus, the SCCmec subtypes of S. aureus revealed specific staphylococcal toxin profiles. We revealed that certain staphylococcal toxin gene profiles are associated not only with the methicillin resistance of S. aureus but also with their SCCmec subtypes.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed2006

Identification of PML-RARA rearrangement by RT-PCR and sequencing in an acute promyelocytic leukemia without t(15;17) on G-banding and FISH.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation, t(15;17) (q22;q12), resulting in fusion of the genes promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). With conventional cytogenetic methods, these translocations are detected in about 70-90% of patients, with most of the negative results due to technical problems or cryptic variants. Those masked PML-RARA fusions can be identified by molecular analyses such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We have studied a patient showing morphological, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic features of hypergranular APL with trisomy 8 as a sole anomaly. t(15;17) was not evident on FISH tests, while RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing revealed the presence of PML-RARA transcripts.

Chromosome Banding↗

PubMed2006

Increasing trend in the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal ampC gene at a Korean university hospital from 2002 to 2004.

The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae naturally lacking chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases. A total of 1860 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., and Proteus mirabilis were collected from a Korean hospital between January 2002 and December 2004. For the isolates that are nonsusceptible to cefoxitin, polymerase chain reaction amplification of the bla(SHV), bla(TEM), and bla(AmpC) genes and sequencing were performed. Plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases were found in 2.9% (37 isolates of DHA-1, 1 isolate of CMY-1, 1 isolate of CMY-2, and 1 isolate of ACT-1) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.5% (5 isolates of DHA-1) of Klebsiella oxytoca, 0.8% (1 isolate of DHA-1) of Salmonella spp., and none of P. mirabilis isolates. The DHA-1-producing K. pneumoniae was only 2 isolates (0.6%) in 2002, but the rate and the number significantly increased to 2.4% (13 of 538 isolates) in 2003 and to 4.3% (22 of 512) in 2004. In conclusion, DHA-1 is the most prevalent plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal ampC gene, and the DHA-1-producing K. pneumoniae isolates have rapidly increased since 2003 in a Korean hospital. In addition, this is the first report of the appearance of a K. pneumoniae isolate producing ACT-1 beta-lactamase in Korea.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2006

Pilot study of postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation for advanced gastric cancer: adjuvant 5-FU/cisplatin and chemoradiation with capecitabine.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of postoperative chemoradiation using FP chemotherapy and oral capecitabine during radiation for advanced gastric cancer following curative resection. METHODS: Thirty-one patients who had underwent a potentially curative resection for Stage III and IV (M0) gastric cancer were enrolled. Therapy consists of one cycle of FP (continuous infusion of 5-FU 1000 mg/m(2) on d 1 to 5 and cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) on d 1) followed by 4500 cGy (180 cGy/d) with capecitabine (1650 mg/m(2) daily throughout radiotherapy). Four wk after completion of the radiotherapy, patients received three additional cycles of FP every three wk. The median follow-up duration was 22.2 mo. RESULTS: The 3-year disease free and overall survival in this study were 82.7% and 83.4%, respectively. Four patients (12.9%) showed relapse during follow-up. Eight patients did not complete all planned adjuvant therapy. Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia in 50.2%, anemia in 12.9%, thrombocytopenia in 3.2% and nausea/vomiting in 3.2%. Neither grade 3/4 hand foot syndrome nor treatment related febrile neutropenia or death were observed. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that this postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation regimen of FP before and after capecitabine and concurrent radiotherapy appears well tolerated and offers a comparable toxicity profile to the chemoradiation regimen utilized in INT-0116. This treatment modality allowed successful loco-regional control rate and 3-year overall survival.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Pseudooutbreak of Pantoea species bacteremia associated with contaminated cotton pledgets.

A total of 22 isolates of Pantoea strains, unusual causative agents of clinical infection, was isolated from blood cultures from 9 patients and 1 ear swab from 1 of the patients within a period of 1 month in a tertiary-care hospital. Pseudooutbreak was suspected because specimens were collected from a limited number of places and the patients did not show consistent signs or symptoms of bacterial sepsis. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing were performed to determine the clonal relationship among the isolates. Screening environmental cultures revealed that cotton pledgets were contaminated with Pantoea species. Molecular typing suggested that 2 different clones of Pantoea strains were responsible for the pseudooutbreak. Cotton materials may be a possible source of Pantoea pseudooutbreak. Molecular typing is useful for investigating epidemics and identifying unusual clinical isolates.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Expression of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and its prognostic significance in lymph node negative rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated, protein kinase (PKR) is a key regulator of translational initiation, and plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of PKR in lymph node negative rectal cancer. METHODS: Forty-three patients with stage II rectal carcinoma who underwent potentially curative resection followed by post-operative adjuvant chemoradiation and 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy were investigated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody TJ4C4. Overall scores for PKR expression were calculated based on staining intensity and immunoreactive tumor cell fraction. Clinical information, including tumor grade, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated and compared with the degree of PKR expression. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 53.2 months, and median patient age was 55 years (range 33-73). No relationships were found between PKR score and age, sex, tumor grade or CEA level; however, smaller tumors (< or =5 cm) were associated with high PKR score (P = 0.025). When patients were subdivided into two groups based on the PKR score, the relapse rate was lower for those with a high PKR score (7.4 versus 43.8%, P = 0.008), and a significant difference was found between these two groups in terms of 5 year DFS (92.6 versus 55.6%, P = 0.0072) and 5 year OS (92.6 versus 57.7%, P = 0.0459). Other clinicopathologic variables were not related to clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: PKR expression levels were associated with disease recurrence, DFS and OS in lymph node negative rectal cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

The novel phospholipase C activator, m-3M3FBS, induces monocytic leukemia cell apoptosis.

We investigated the effect of the novel phospholipase C activator, m-3M3FBS, on the apoptosis of leukemic cells. m-3M3FBS inhibited the growth of the leukemic cell lines U937 and THP-1, but not primary monocytes. m-3M3FBS induced the apoptosis of U937 cells, which was accompanied by chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, m-3M3FBS-induced apoptosis appeared to involve the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, the release of cytochrome c, and caspase activation. m-3M3FBS-induced apoptosis of U937 cells was also partly inhibited by BAPTA-AM and EGTA, indicating the involvement of intracellular calcium signaling on the apoptosis in U937 cells. The results of our study suggest that m-3M3FBS can be developed as a novel anti-leukemic agent.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2005

Appearance of Salmonella enterica isolates producing plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase, CMY-2, in South Korea.

Of 176 Salmonella isolates isolated from 2000 to 2003 in a Korean university hospital, 2 cefoxitin-resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen were found in 2002. Both isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics, including ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. Cell sonicates of the both clinical isolates and their transconjugants had beta-lactamase band of approximate isoelectric point of >8.6. The resistance to cefoxitin was transferred by conjugation to the recipient Escherichia coli J53. The resistance determinant was on conjugative plasmids that encoded a CMY-2, a plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase. To our knowledge, these are the first description of S. enterica serovar Rissen harboring CMY-2 in South Korea.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Vascular administration of adenoviral vector soaked in absorbable gelatin sponge particles (GSP) prolongs the transgene expression in hepatocytes.

Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization using emulsions composed of anticancer agents and gelatin sponges (GS) has been an efficient and safe palliative treatment for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We employed catheter-mediated left hepatic arterial embolization (CHAE) to increase transduction efficiency of adenoviral vector in canine hepatocytes. The emulsion was prepared by mixing pieces of GSP and adenoviral vectors expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase (Ad.LacZ) or human hepatocyte growth factor (Ad.hHGF). After the left hepatic artery was catheterized under angiography, CHAE with Ad.LacZ or Ad.hHGF was performed. Livers were removed and stained for LacZ activity on day 7. The expression pattern of LacZ staining was either scarce or patchy around the central hilum of the hepatic artery, or was homogeneously distributed in whole lobes, depending on whether large or small pieces of GSP were used. Hematological and serum biochemical changes during CHAE exhibited only a few effects. The chronological measurement of serum HGF concentration showed that the duration of transgene expression was greater after CHAE with Ad.hHGF. A similar pattern of transgene expression was observed in a rat model after hepatic arterial embolization with differential doses of Ad.hHGF soaked in GSP. These results suggest that hepatic arterial embolization by transcatheter mediated infusion with a mixture of adenovirus-GSP could be used for human HCC.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed2005

Single-agent gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase II study.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with advanced biliary tract cancers have a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine as a single agent in the treatment of patients with unresectable biliary tract cancers. METHODS: From May 2002 to April 2004, 23 chemotherapy-naïve patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinomas were enrolled. The median age was 59 years (range 37-76). Fifteen patients (65.2%) had cholangiocarcinomas and eight (34.8%) had gallbladder adenocarcinomas. Patients received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) over 60 min once a week for 2 weeks followed by a week off therapy. Treatment was discontinued when unacceptable toxicities occurred or there was evidence of disease progression. RESULTS: A total of 110 cycles of chemotherapy were performed with a median of four cycles (range 1-10). The median follow-up was 13.4 months. Among the 23 patients, six (26.1%) had a partial response, eight (34.8%) had stable disease and nine (39.1%) had disease progression despite treatment. The overall response rate was 26.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 22.08-30.12]. The median time to disease progression was 8.1 months (95% CI 3.33-12.87) and the median overall survival was 13.1 months (95% CI 1.64-24.56). Toxicities were generally mild and treatment was well tolerated. Of the 23 patients, one patient experienced a grade 3-4 neutropenia and one a grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia; however, no cases of febrile neutropenia or treatment-related deaths were noted. CONCLUSION: In this phase II trial, therapy with gemcitabine was well tolerated and clinically active in patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Prognostic factors of response to laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become the treatment of choice for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who do not respond to medical treatment. The aim of this study was to identify factors predictive of outcome after LS for ITP. From May 1997 to December 2002, we performed 30 LS on patients with ITP. A positive response was defined as a postoperative platelet count greater than 50,000/micro L and no requirement for maintenance therapy. Chi-square testing was performed to determine the predictive effects of the following variables: age, sex, preoperative response to steroids or immunoglobulin, duration of disease, antiplatelet antibody, platelet associated antibody, and antinuclear antibody. LS was successfully performed in all patients. For a mean follow-up interval of 24.3 months, response to LS was 73.3%. Splenectomy for steroid nonresponders resulted in an inferior complete response rate (10 of 18, 55.6%) as compared with those that experienced relapse after steroid treatment (11 of 12, 91.7%) (p=0.042). The other significant predictor of outcome by univariate analysis was the time between diagnosis and surgery (p=0.049). The other variables showed no significant correlation with successful splenectomy. We conclude that LS can be performed safely with a satisfactory remission rate in patients with ITP who do not respond to medical treatment, and that the factors most frequently associated with surgical success are a response to steroid and disease duration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Establishment and characterization of an STI571-resistant human myelogenous leukemia cell line, SR-1.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 is an effective agent for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, a lack of response to STI571 or the recurrence of the disease after a transient initial response is usually seen in patients with advanced stage CML. We have established a novel STI571 (Gleevec/Glivec, imatinib mesylate)-resistant acute myelocytic leukemia cell line (SR-1) from an STI571-resistant blast crisis patient. By flow cytometry, the immunophenotype of SR-1 was found to be compatible with a myeloid lineage (CD13+, CD33+, HLA-DR+, anti-MPO+). Conventional cytogenetics showed a three-way reciprocal translocation involving 7p22, 9q34, and 22q11.2, i.e., a variant Philadelphia chromosome translocation. The BCR/ABL rearrangement was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. To determine the tumorigenicity of the SR-1 cell line in vivo, cells were injected subcutaneously into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Four weeks later, tumors had grown and showed the same laboratory findings as in SR-1. Although STI571 resistance is a known treatment complication, in vivo STI571-resistant cell lines have not been fully established. We hope that our SR-1 cell line may be useful in molecular pathogenetic investigations of STI571-resistant CML.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Gene expression profiling in lymph node-positive and lymph node-negative colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE: To identify the genes involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer, we analyzed the gene-expression profiles of colorectal cancer cells from 12 tumors with corresponding noncancerous colonic epithelia using a cDNA microarray representing 4,08 genes. METHODS: We classified both samples and genes by using a two-way clustering analysis and identified genes that were differentially expressed in the cancerous and noncancerous tissues. Genes associated with lymph node metastasis were identified by means of the supervised learning technique. RESULTS: Differentially expressed genes (77 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated genes) were identified in more than 75 percent of the tumors. The functional categories of these genes belonged to signal transduction (19 percent), metabolism (17 percent), cell structure/motility (14 percent), cell cycle (13 percent), and gene protein expression (13 percent). The gene expression pattern of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from randomly selected genes shows a pattern similar to that of cDNA microarray. Moreover, the gene expression patterns observed were similar to those reported previously, suggesting rare racial differences. Sixty genes possibly associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer were selected on the basis of clinicopathological data obtained by performing signal-to-noise calculations. "Leave-one-out" cross-validation testing correctly classified 10 of 12 patients (83.3 percent) as having colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis vs. those without metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide not only a new molecular basis for understanding the biologic properties of colorectal cancer, including lymph node metastasis, but also provide a resource for future development of therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

Homing-associated cell adhesion molecules and cell cycle status on the nucleated cells in the bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood and cord blood.

Homing-associated cell adhesion molecules (H-CAM) on the CD34+ cells play an important role for the engraftment process following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, it seems that not only CD34+ cells but also other nucleated cells (NCs) with H-CAM could be implicated in the engraftment process and the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. We investigated the differences of HCAM and cell cycle status on the NCs in cord blood (CB), bone marrow (BM), and mobilized peripheral blood (PB). The proportions of CXCR4+ cells within the NC populations were greater in CB than in PB or BM (p=0.0493), although the proportions of CXCR4+, CD44+, and CD49d+ cells within the CB CD34+ cell populations were same within BM or PB. A lower proportion of CD34+CD49d+ cells within the CD34+ cell populations was more noted in CB than in PB or BM (p=0.0085). There were no differences in cell cycle status between CB and BM or PB. Our results suggest that the migrating potential of CB would be enhanced with increased CXCR4 expression on the NCs, but the adhesion potential of CB CD34+ cells would be less than that of PB and BM. These findings may help explain why the lower cell dose is required and engraftment is delayed in cord blood stem cell transplantation.

Antigens, CD34↗

PubMed2004

Stem cells expressing homing receptors could be expanded from cryopreserved and unselected cord blood.

We assessed the cytokine combinations that are best for ex vivo expansion of cord blood (CB) and the increment for cell numbers of nucleated cells, as well as stem cells expressing homing receptors, by an ex vivo expansion of cryopreserved and unselected CB. Frozen leukocyte concentrates (LC) from CB were thawed and cultured at a concentration of 1 x 10(5)/mL in media supplemented with a combination of SCF (20 ng/mL)+TPO (50 ng/mL)+FL (50 ng/mL)+/-IL-6 (20 ng/mL)+/-G-CSF (20 ng/mL). After culturing for 14 days, the expansion folds of cell numbers were as follows: TNC 22.3+/-7.8 approximately 26.3+/-4.9, CFU-GM 4.7+/-5.1 approximately 11.7+/-2.6, CD34+CD38- cell 214.0+/-251.9 approximately 464.1+/-566.1, CD34+CXCR4+ cell 4384.5+/-1664.7 approximately 7087.2+/-4669.3, CD34+VLA4+ cell 1444.3+/-1264.0 approximately 2074.9+/-1537.0, CD34+VLA5+ cell 86.2+/-50.9 approximately 113.2+/-57.1. These results revealed that the number of stem cells expressing homing receptors could be increased by an ex vivo expansion of cryopreserved and unselected CB using 3 cytokines (SCF, TPO, FL) only. Further in vivo studies regarding the engraftment after expansion of the nucleated cells, as well as the stem cells expressing homing receptors will be required.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗

PubMed2002

Urokinase could increase the yield of progenitor cells during red cell depletion in elapsed and anticoagulated cord blood.

We assessed whether the urokinase could increase the yield of progenitor cells during processing in elapsed, anticoagulated cord blood (CB) after collection, and we also determined the optimal dose of urokinase. The total nucleated cell (TNC) counts after red cell depletion in 48-hr-elapsed CB were significantly higher in samples treated with 10,000 and 50,000 IU of urokinase/mL than in untreated samples or treated with 5,000 IU of urokinase/mL. The CD34(+) cell counts were significantly higher in samples treated with 10,000 IU of urokinase/mL than in untreated samples and in samples treated with 5,000 or 50,000 IU of urokinase/mL. In 6-, 12-, and 24-hr-elapsed CB, however, there were no significant differences of TNC, CD34(+) cells, or CFU-GM counts between untreated samples and samples treated with 10,000 IU of urokinase/mL. These findings suggest that the addition of 10,000 IU of urokinase/mL before red cell depletion in 48-hr-elapsed, anticoagulated CB could increase the yield of progenitor cells. However, there are no advantages in using urokinase for processing CB prior to 24 hr after collection.

Anticoagulants↗