Biomedical subjects

James Cho Hong Goh

Publications and source records attributed to James Cho Hong Goh.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

The repeatablity of spinal motion of normal and scoliotic adolescents during walking.

The main aim of this study was to assess the within-day repeatability of measuring trunk and spinal motion during walking using external markers and a motion analysis system. A secondary aim was to compare the repeatability of motion between the scoliotic and normal spine. The sagittal and coronal plane trunk and spinal motion, three-dimensional pelvic and shoulder motion of 9 normal and 19 scoliotic adolescents was assessed. Intra-subject within-day repeatability was evaluated using waveform similarity statistics. Trunk sagittal and coronal plane motion was fairly repeatable. Repeatability of spinal frontal plane motion was fair, but that of sagittal plane motion is poor. Pelvic coronal and transverse plane motion was very reproducible but pelvic sagittal plane motion was very variable. Shoulder motion in all three planes was found to have a poor level of repeatability. A relationship possibly exists between the range of motion and repeatability values. Although the scoliotic adolescents had less variable spinal motion, differences from the normal subjects were not statistically significant. However, the scoliotic subjects had significantly more repeatable sagittal and coronal plane pelvic motion and coronal plane shoulder motion. The results of this study suggest that trunk sagittal and coronal plane motion and spinal coronal plane motion of normal and scoliotic adolescents can be reliably measured within a single test session.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fascia wrap application to anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering.

After an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, surgical reconstructions are necessary in most cases, either with autografts, allografts, or artificial ligaments. Potential tissue-engineered ligaments would circumvent the disadvantages apparent in these methods. While seeding of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fascia wrap could potentially improve tissue regeneration and mechanical properties, their exact roles were evaluated in the current study. Knitted biodegradable scaffolds of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly-glycolic-lactic acid (PGLA) yarns were used to reconstruct ACL in 48 rabbits. These were divided into four equal groups: only knitted scaffolds were used in group I; knitted scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells were used in group II; knitted scaffolds, MSCs, and fascia lata were used in group III; knitted scaffolds and fascia lata were used in group IV. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA)-labeled MSCs were used to trace the fate of seeded cells in groups II and III. Histology, Western blot analysis, and mechanical properties of reconstructed ACL were analyzed after 20 weeks. Fibroblast ingrowths were seen in all four groups while CFDA-labeled MSCs could be found after 8 weeks of implantation in groups II and III. Both the amount of collagen type I and collagen type III in groups III and IV were significantly higher than in group II, which was much higher than in group I. Both maximal tensile loads and stiffness of the reconstructed ACLs in groups I, II, III, and IV were significantly lower than normal controls after 20 weeks of implantation. It is concluded that MSCs could promote synthesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in tissue-engineered ligaments, while fascia wraps have stronger effects. Both MSC seeding and fascia wrap could not enhance ultimate tensile load and stiffness.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Selection of cell source for ligament tissue engineering.

Use of appropriate types of cells could potentially improve the functionality and structure of tissue engineered constructs, but little is known about the optimal cell source for ligament tissue engineering. The object of this study was to determine the optimal cell source for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue engineering. Fibroblasts isolated from anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament (MCL), as well as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were compared using the following parameters: proliferation rate, collagen excretion, expression of collagen type I, II, and III, as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) transfected MSCs were used to trace their fate in the knee joints. MSC, ACL, and MCL fibroblasts were all highly stained with antibodies for collagen types I and III and alpha-smooth muscle actin while negatively stained with collagen type II. Proliferation rate and collagen excretion of MSCs were higher than ACL and MCL fibroblasts (p < 0.05), and MSCs could survive for at least 6 weeks in knee joints. In summary, MSC is potentially a better cell source than ACL and MCL fibroblasts for anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Comparative study between patellar-tendon-bearing and pressure cast prosthetic sockets.

This study compared the pressure distribution at the residual limb and socket interface in amputees wearing a pressure cast (PCast) socket system with amputees wearing the patellar-tendon-bearing (PTB) socket. The PCast system requires the subject to place his or her residual limb in a pressure chamber. Pressure is applied to the residual limb while the subject adopts a normal standing position. Four unilateral male amputees were fitted with both PTB and PCast sockets. Using a specially built strain-gauge-type pressure transducer, we recorded residual limb and socket pressure profiles for each subject wearing the two types of sockets during standing and walking. While some subjects exhibited similar anterior-posterior or medial-lateral pressure profiles for both prostheses, especially during push-off, other subjects exhibited high pressure distally in the PCast socket or higher-pressure concentration at the proximal region in the PTB socket.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chitin as a scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells transfers in the treatment of partial growth arrest.

To investigate the feasibility of using chitin, a natural polymer, as a scaffold to repair large growth plate defects (50% of physis) in immature rabbits, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested from periosteum. The compatibilities of chitin with the MSCs were investigated in vitro using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence confocal microscopy. The results showed high compatibilities of chitin. An experimental model of growth arrest was created by excising the medial half of the proximal growth plate of the tibia in 6-week-old New Zealand White rabbits. The physeal defect after excision of the bony bridge was transplanted either with no interposition (group 1), chitin alone (group 2), or chitin with MSCs (group 3). In groups 2 and 3, both angulatory deformities and length discrepancies of the tibia were corrected. The differences between group 3 and group 1 were greater than those between group 2 and group 1.

Animals↗