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Biomedical subjects

James Clarke

Publications and source records attributed to James Clarke.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Generalism versus subspecialization: changes necessary in medical education.

During the initial Partners Meeting of the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC), the Canadian Association for Medical Education (CAME), the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC), the Medical Council of Canada (MCC), and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) in May 2005, a plenary discussion and debate focused on the tensions that exist between generalist and subspecialty education within both the undergraduate and postgraduate educational programs in Canadian medical schools. Key issues identified in the debate included medical student selection, generalist representation on medical school faculty and in learning experiences, and the need for a greater teaching role and respect for generalism to be developed.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

Maternal collapse.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will summarize the latest publications on the causes, prevention and treatment of maternal collapse during pregnancy and the postpartum period. It will also explore some future trends particularly in the area of education and team working. RECENT FINDINGS: Active management of the third stage of labour has been shown to decrease the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage. Inadequate or prolonged resuscitation following major postpartum haemorrhage can lead to myocardial damage. Guidelines that are followed and the use of drills and simulators may increase effective team working and lead to earlier recognition and treatment of maternal collapse. Some cases of amniotic fluid embolism resemble anaphylaxis and should be treated as such. Important evidence-based guidelines on the management of antithrombolytic prophylaxis and the management of pulmonary embolism have recently been published, which should help clinicians clarify their medical care plans. New resuscitation guidelines in the UK will probably mean that all healthcare workers (including obstetricians and midwives) will need appropriate training every year. SUMMARY: Understanding the causes of maternal collapse, its early recognition and prompt resuscitation should decrease both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. There is increasing evidence that effective preventative measures and improved multidisciplinary team working may have an important impact on maternal and fetal well-being.

Embolism↗
PubMed2004

Development of membrane-based tests for the detection of urinary antigens and antibodies in human toxoplasmosis: preliminary studies in Ghanaian patients.

Two membrane-based ELISA systems were used in detecting Toxoplasma antigens and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in urine samples collected from 54 ophthalmology (22 suggestive active and 32 suggestive past infection) patients and 26 pregnant women attending obstetrics/gynaecology clinic (OGP), suspected of toxoplasmosis by eye examination, past medical records and questionnaire, respectively, in Ghana from mid-February to April 2002. The antigen detecting ELISA was able to demonstrate antigen in 100% (22/22) ophthalmology (active infection) and 62.5% (20/32) ophthalmology (past infection) patients, and 42% (11/26) of OGP which included 3 that were sero-negative prior to and during this study, giving an overall prevalence of 66.3% (53/80). The urinary antigen positive samples also included 6 that were negative for both the Dye Test (DT) and latex agglutination test (LAT). Antigen was not detected in the urine of 22 normal (sero-negative for antibodies to Toxoplasma) individuals. The membrane-based urinary antibody detecting sandwich ELISA also detected anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in 100% (22/22) of ophthalmology (active infection) and 81.3% (26/32) of ophthalmology (past infection) patients, a total of 89% (48/54); and 80.8% (21/26) of OGP with an overall prevalence of 86.3% (69/80), including 7 ophthalmology patients' samples that were sero-negative for both DT and LAT. Antibody sero-positivity of the samples was determined by DT as 87% (47/54) in ophthalmology patients and 73.1% (19/26) in pregnant women, LAT as 85.2% (46/54) and 65.4% (17/26), and an overall prevalence as 82.5% (66/80) and 78.8% (63/80), respectively. The membrane-based ELISA systems appear promising but need to be investigated further for its efficacy as reliable diagnostic tests.

Adolescent↗