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Biomedical subjects

James Reilly

Publications and source records attributed to James Reilly.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Early intervention for relapse in schizophrenia: impact of cognitive behavioural therapy on negative beliefs about psychosis and self-esteem.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to test two hypotheses. Firstly, that participants who relapsed during the 12-month follow-up period of our randomized controlled trial, would show increased negative beliefs about their illness and reduced self-esteem, in comparison to the non-relapsed participants. Secondly, that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for early signs of relapse would result in a reduction in negative beliefs about psychosis and an improvement in self-esteem at 12 months. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 144 participants with schizophrenia or a related disorder were randomized to receive either treatment as usual (TAU; N=72) or CBT (N=72). Participants completed the Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire (PBIQ; Birchwood, Mason, MacMillan, & Healy, 1993) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) at entry, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS: At 12 months, relapsers showed greater increase in scores for PBIQ entrapment compared with non-relapsers. In addition, after controlling for baseline covariates (treatment group and PBIQ self versus illness), relapsers also showed greater increase in scores for PBIQ self versus illness at 12 months. Furthermore, in comparison to treatment as usual, participants who received CBT showed greater improvement in PBIQ loss and in Rosenberg self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that relapse is associated with the development of negative appraisals of entrapment and self-blame (self vs. illness). In addition, this is the first study to show that CBT reduces negative appraisals of loss arising from psychosis and improvements in self-esteem. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pediatric coin ingestion and aspiration.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between physical characteristics of the coin (size), age of the victim, the amount of coins in circulation, and the frequency and outcome of pediatric coin ingestion and aspiration injuries. METHODS: Records of coin related ingestion and aspiration injuries occurring to children 14 years of age or younger were acquired from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Logistic regression was conducted to control for mutual confounding among variables. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2003, an estimated 252,338 children were treated in hospital emergency departments for non-fatal coin-related ingestion or aspiration, and additional 20 fatalities were reported during the same time span. Children 4 years of age or younger were at the highest risk. It is also observed that younger children are the most vulnerable victims of ingestion and/or aspiration of small coins (e.g., pennies), while older children are more likely to be treated due to ingestion and/or aspiration of larger coins (e.g., quarters). Pennies were involved in more incidents than all other coins combined. The hospitalization rate exhibited a negative correlation with the measure of the diameter and the weight of the coins. The overwhelming majority (94%) of the incidents were ingestion, whereas aspiration victims were more likely to encounter hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: We hope that this study will raise public and health practitioners' awareness of the risk, and increase supervision, particular of the most vulnerable young children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sylvan Stool.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2004

BC200 RNA in invasive and preinvasive breast cancer.

BC200 RNA, a small functional RNA that operates as a translational modulator, has been implicated in the regulation of local synaptodendritic protein synthesis in neurons. Cell type-specific expression of BC200 RNA is tightly controlled such that the RNA is not normally detected in somatic cells other than neurons. However, the neuron-specific control of BC200 expression is deregulated in a number of tumors. We here report that BC200 RNA is expressed at high levels in invasive carcinomas of the breast. In normal breast tissue or in benign tumors such as fibroadenomas, in contrast, we found that the RNA is not detectable at significant levels. The difference in expression levels between invasive carcinomas and normal/benign tissue was statistically highly significant. Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis of sensitivity and specificity confirmed the diagnostic power of BC200 RNA as a molecular marker of invasive breast cancer. In ductal carcinomas in situ, furthermore, significant BC200 expression was associated with high nuclear grade, suggesting that the presence of BC200 RNA in such tumors may be used as a prognostic indicator of tumor progression. The combined results demonstrate the potential of BC200 expression to serve as a molecular tool in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of breast cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2004

The perceived health status of people with psychologically derived non-epileptic attack disorder and epilepsy: a comparative study.

While a wealth of literature describes the short and longer term impact of living with epilepsy, there is, in contrast, very little information about the impact of psychologically derived non-epileptic attack disorder (PNEAD). In the absence of any physical disease, some clinicians may assume that this group requires little help. However, evidence suggests that there maybe a significant impact. Therefore, this study has set out to document the effects on perceived health status of PNEAD. We compared 97 people with PNEAD with a sample, case matched for age and gender, of 97 people who had been previously diagnosed with epilepsy. A questionnaire was administered to both groups requesting information about their perceived overall health (SF-36) and their clinical and demographic status. PNEAD patients described a significantly poorer profile of perceived health compared with the epilepsy group. People with PNEAD have substantially impaired perceived health status, to the extent of feeling in poorer health than people with organically explained epilepsy. Clinical interventions are necessary that can improve their perceived health.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Popliteal pterygium syndrome with syngnathia.

We report a case of perioperative management of a neonate with popliteal pterygium syndrome complicated by interalveolar syngnathia. Syngnathia were excised in the operating room without a major anaesthetic. We discuss our management of this case, as well as other possible strategies to secure the airway in neonates with syngnathia. We also reviewed the literature regarding airway management in presence of syngnathia in similar situations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

The use of linear scales in the photography of skin lesions.

In medical photography linear scales are widely used to monitor change in size. Although accuracy on the image is generally accepted as being perfectly adequate, there is a degree of uncertainty. This led the first author to investigate the use of linear scales when photographing skin lesions at the Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy. Established methods of determining photographic accuracy are by themselves insufficient: the outcome must relate to how the end product is used, i.e., by visual assessment and/or manual measurement. As well as showing that the accuracy concerned is adequate for current requirements, this work presents a definitive value.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood family dysfunction and associated abuse in patients with nonepileptic seizures: towards a causal model.

OBJECTIVE: A history of childhood sexual abuse is thought to characterize patients with nonepileptic seizures (NES). We tested the hypotheses: 1) that history of sexual abuse is more prevalent in patients with NES than in controls with epilepsy; 2) that such abuse is associated with NES, not directly but because it is a marker of family dysfunction; and 3) that family dysfunction and abuse are, in turn, linked to NES because they increase a general tendency to somatize. METHODS: We compared 81 patients with NES with 81 case-matched epilepsy patients, using questionnaires to elicit recollections of sexual, physical, and psychological abuse and family atmosphere and to quantify current somatization. RESULTS: Although each form of abuse was more prevalent in NES patients, only child psychological abuse uniquely distinguished NES from epilepsy. However, its association with NES was explained by family dysfunction. A general tendency to somatize explained part of the relationship of abuse to NES. CONCLUSIONS: Abuse therefore seems to be a marker for aspects of family dysfunction that are associated with--and may therefore cause--somatization and, specifically, NES.

Adult↗