Biomedical subjects

James W Grice

Publications and source records attributed to James W Grice.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Bridging the idiographic-nomothetic divide: a follow-up study.

In a replication and extension of Grice (2004), participants in the current study rated themselves and other known individuals on scales constructed from their own personal constructs and on marker items for the Big Five model personality traits. Confirmatory components analyses revealed excellent fit for the Big Five Model when applied to aggregate trait ratings but highly variable fit when applied to participants' individual ratings. Comparisons of the personal construct and trait ratings indicated an approximate average overlap of only 51%, and additional analyses revealed several factors that contributed to the uniqueness of the personal constructs. These findings were discussed in the context of the idiographic-nomothetic distinction drawn in personality psychology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Testing an algebraic model of self-reflexion.

Self-reflexion is the conscious process of taking the position of an observer in relation to one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Building on the work of Lefebvre, Lefebvre, and Adams-Webber, we used a formal algebraic model of self-reflexion to derive several predictions regarding the frequencies with which individuals would rate themselves and others positively on bipolar scales anchored by adjective terms. The current results from 108 participants (41 men, 67 women; M age= 20.2 yr.) confirmed two predictions derived from the model. Three other predictions, however, were not supported even though the observed frequencies were close to the predicted values. Although not as promising as results reported by Lefebvre, et al., these mixed findings were interpreted as encouraging support for the validity of Lefebvre's algebraic model of self-reflexion. Differences between the current methods and those from previous investigations were also examined, and methodological implications for further studies were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Bridging the idiographic-nomothetic divide in ratings of self and others on the Big Five.

Recent discussions of the idiographic-nomothetic debate were initially reviewed in this paper. Three important issues stemming from this debate were then expounded within the context of Personal Construct Theory and evaluated in an empirical study. Participants were required to rate themselves and people they knew on 25 marker items for the Big Five personality traits and on 12 of their own unique personal constructs. The ratings were analyzed using a number of novel statistical methods, including a simple type of confirmatory factor analysis and an informative graphing procedure. Results indicated that at least half of the statistical information derived from the idiographic, personal construct ratings was unique when compared to ratings on the nomothetic Big Five items. The implications of these methods and results for person-centered and trait conceptualizations of personality were discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The influence of unequal numbers of trials on comparisons of average event-related potentials.

Four studies examined (a) how event-related potentials (ERPs) change as the number of trials averaged increases and (b) the statistical implications of comparing ERPs composed of different numbers of trials. Experiment 1 utilized data from 7-year-old children performing an oddball task. The other three experiments used simulated data with different distributions of P3 peak latency. In all 4 experiments, peak amplitude decreased and the mean amplitude of the 300 to 900 msec interval remained stable as the number of trials averaged increased. The standard deviations of both measures decreased. These data show that the decrease in peak amplitude with increasing numbers of trials that has been found in other studies is not solely due to the elimination of residual noise but is likely to also involve a fundamental aspect of signal averaging and the algorithm used to select peaks. Furthermore, these experiments expose the possibility of statistical errors when investigators compare average ERPs composed of small versus large numbers of trials as is often done when the oddball paradigm is used.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2002

Reliability of coordinate grid data.

The reliability of data obtained from a modified repertory grid procedure was examined. The coordinate grid, developed by Chambers (1983), measures the logical inconsistency and integrative complexity of an individual's view of different people. 56 college students completed two forms of the coordinate grid on each of two testing occasions. Analysis indicated low reliability for measures of both logical inconsistency (r = -.04) and integrative complexity (r = .31) with respect to the people entered into the grid. The test-retest results were better (r = .51 for logical inconsistency; r = .35 for integrative complexity) but still well below acceptable reliability. Hence, generalizations beyond a particular grid may be unwarranted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Idiogrid: software for the management and analysis of repertory grids.

Idiogrid is a computer program for analyzing repertory grids in both research and applied settings. With this software, which runs under the Windows operating system, grids of virtually any size can be managed and analyzed. Grids can be transformed, manipulated, merged, and subjected to a host of statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics, principal components analysis, grid comparison techniques, and coordinate grid analysis are all available in the software. A number of indices commonly applied to repertory grids are also computed by Idiogrid, such as measures of ordination, cognitive complexity, and intensity. Text output as well as high-resolution graphics are produced by the software, and grids themselves can be exported to other statistical programs for further analysis.

Humans↗