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Biomedical subjects

Janet Vafaie

Publications and source records attributed to Janet Vafaie.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Erythema infectiosum.

BACKGROUND: Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is a common benign pediatric condition caused by B19 parvovirus. It can be identified clinically by a "slapped cheek" appearance that is often followed by reticulated exanthem on the trunk and extremities. OBJECTIVE: This review article provides a concise overview of erythema infectiosum. METHODS: The article is divided into the followings sections: background, epidemiologic characteristics, clinical description, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, prognosis, and management. RESULTS: Erythema infectiosum is found to cause a fairly prominent classic rash and generalized symptoms. CONCLUSION: Although erythema infectiosum has many distinctive symptoms, the prognosis is excellent because the condition in children is usually self-limited.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Alopecia in association with sexually transmitted disease: a review.

In a patient with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), alopecia may be an important associated finding and can provide clues to diagnosis. This review focuses on the relationship between hair loss and STDs. Specifically, we review alopecia in association with syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the medications used to treat these infections. In addition, we review the literature regarding the putative association between alopecia areata and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Alopecia↗
PubMed2004

Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis: a therapeutic challenge.

Excessive sweating from the palms and soles, known as palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, affects both children and adults. Diagnosis of this potentially embarrassing and socially disabling condition is based on the patient's history and visible signs of sweating. The condition usually is idiopathic. Treatment remains a challenge: options include topical and systemic agents, iontophoresis, and botulinum toxin type A injections, with surgical sympathectomy as a last resort. None of the treatments is without limitations or associated complications. Topical aluminum chloride hexahydrate therapy and iontophoresis are simple, safe, and inexpensive therapies; however, continuous application is required because results are often short-lived, and they may be insufficient. Systemic agents such as anticholinergic drugs are tolerated poorly at the dosages required for efficacy and usually are not an option because of their associated toxicity. While botulinum toxin can be used in treatment-resistant cases, numerous painful injections are required, and effects are limited to a few months. Surgical sympathectomy should be reserved for the most severe cases and should be performed only after all other treatments have failed. Although the safety and reliability of treatments for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis have improved dramatically, side effects and compensatory sweating are still common, potentially severe problems.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Skin infections in the elderly.

The diagnosis and management of viral diseases of the skin are significant issues in the elderly population. With advances in these areas, there are new tools to combat these diseases and limit morbidity. It is important for clinicians to monitor and treat these diseases aggressively in the elderly because of the potential for immunosuppression in this population. Further advances in antiviral therapy and the potential for the development of antiviral vaccines will aid in the therapy of these diseases. Onychomycosis is found more frequently in the elderly. In this population, the most common clinical presentations are distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (which usually affects the great or first toe) and white superficial onychomycosis (which generally involves the third or fourth toes). Over the past several years, new treatments for this disorder have emerged that offer shorter courses of therapy and greater efficacy than previous therapies. The treatment of bacterial skin and skin structure infections in the elderly is an important issue. There has been an alarming increase in the incidence of gram-positive infections, including resistant bacteria, such as MRSA and drug-resistant pneumococci. Although vancomycin has been considered the drug of last defense against gram-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria, the late 1980s saw a rise in vancomycin-resistant bacteria, including VRE. With treatment options limited, it has become critical to identify antibiotics with novel mechanisms of activity. Several new drugs have emerged as possible therapeutic alternatives, including linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Parvovirus B19 infections.

Abstract Parvovirus B19 infections cause a wide range of clinical findings, including erythema infectiosum, "glove-and-socks" syndrome, arthropathies, red cell aplasia, and intrauterine infections. The condition can be diagnosed serologically. The prognosis is excellent in healthy, immunocompetent individuals.

Erythema Infectiosum↗