Biomedical subjects

Jared M Bruce

Publications and source records attributed to Jared M Bruce.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Neocortical atrophy, third ventricular width, and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Correlations are reported between atrophy and neuropsychological test results. OBJECTIVE: To determine if neocortical volume would supplant or supplement third ventricular width and other magnetic resonance imaging measures when predicting neuropsychological impairment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University MS clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-seven patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 42 patients with secondary progressive MS, and 27 healthy control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain atrophy and lesion burden measures were obtained in all patients. A subset of 82 patients and all controls underwent neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: Patients with secondary progressive MS had more atrophy than patients with relapsing-remitting MS and controls. Neocortical volume was significantly correlated with all neuropsychological measures, with r values ranging from 0.29 to 0.58. Third ventricular width was retained in most stepwise regression analyses predicting cognitive impairment in patients with MS and distinguishing secondary progressive from relapsing-remitting courses of MS. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm an association between neocortical volume and multiple cognitive domains in MS, although neocortical volume did not explain significantly more variance than other magnetic resonance imaging measures. Of the magnetic resonance imaging variables studied, third ventricular width was retained in most regression models.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

MS patients with depressive symptoms exhibit affective memory biases when verbal encoding strategies are suppressed.

As many as 50% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience clinical or subclinical depression. A voluminous literature has documented affective memory biases (AMB) among depressed individuals. Despite this, little is known regarding how depressive symptoms may affect MS patients' ability to recall positive and negative material. The present study employed an affective list-learning task that increased cognitive load and inhibited the use of higher order encoding strategies. The purpose of the study was twofold: to determine whether MS patients exhibit AMB and to examine whether subvocal repetition and other higher order encoding strategies are essential to the formation of AMB among people experiencing depression. Results indicated a strong relationship between depression and AMB in MS. The results are discussed in relation to existing biological research that indicates limbic and/or other subcortical systems may play a role in the formation of AMB.

Affect↗

PubMed2004

Concussion history predicts self-reported symptoms before and following a concussive event.

The authors evaluated how history of concussion affects symptom reporting prior to and after sustaining a concussion. At baseline, athletes with a positive concussion history reported more current symptomatology than athletes who had never been concussed. At 2 hours postinjury, concussed athletes with a history of previous concussion (PC) reported fewer symptoms than concussed athletes with no previous concussion history (NPC). By 1 week postinjury, however, PC athletes reported more symptoms than NPC athletes.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMed2004

Self-reported everyday memory and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Depression and memory difficulties are among the most common complaints voiced by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, little is known about how depression might affect patients' perceptions of their memory difficulties. The present investigation was designed to explore this issue. Results supported a model that integrates aspects of Beck's theory of depression and the concept of depressive realism. Consistent with the depressive realism literature, nondepressed MS patients significantly overestimated their everyday memory compared with their actual performance on verbal memory and attention/concentration indices, whereas moderately depressed patients' everyday memory ratings mirrored their actual neuropsychological performance. Supporting Beck's negative cognitive schema notion, mildly depressed patients significantly overestimated their memory difficulties. Implications for the treatment of memory problems among MS patients are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Delayed-onset deficits in verbal encoding strategies among patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Knowledge obtained from longitudinal animal models was used to predict the course of verbal memory deficits in 19 concussed patients and 19 control patients who were given versions of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test--Revised at 2 hr, 48 hr, and 1 week postconcussion. The physiological literature suggests that concussed patients should exhibit a decline in performance from 2 hr to 48 hr postconcussion on a measure of complex memory strategies. Consistent with this hypothesis, mixed-factor analysis of covariance revealed that concussed patients used less semantic clustering strategies than control patients at 48 hr postconcussion, whereas minimal differences were found at 2 hr postinjury. Furthermore, a chi-square analysis showed that a significant number of concussed patients experienced a decline in the number of semantic clusters they used from 2 hr to 48 hr. No differences were found between the groups at the 1-week testing session.

Adult↗