Biomedical subjects

Jean Luc Venisse

Publications and source records attributed to Jean Luc Venisse.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Dependency and suicidality in addictive disorders.

Excessive interpersonal dependency has been described in depression and addictive disorders. Moreover, excessive dependency and suicidality are linked in psychiatric subjects, but their relationships have not been studied in specific addictions. Separate samples of female anorectic patients (n=150), female bulimic patients (n=95), male (n=150) or female (n=68) alcoholics, male (n=94) or female (n=54) drug abusers and non-psychiatric control subjects (n=683) were included in the study. On the basis of a structured interview, suicidal ideations, number of previous suicide attempts and diagnoses of dependent personality disorder (DSM-IV) were collected, and the subjects completed the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Logistic regression analysis revealed that excessive dependency and notably dependent personality disorder increased the likelihood of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts with a range of 2.65 to 9.42 in bulimic patients, female alcoholics and male drug abusers. Excessive dependency in specific addictive disorders as well as in male non-psychiatric subjects could constitute a risk factor for suicide. This hypothesis must be confirmed using prospective studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Alexithymia, depressive experiences, and dependency in addictive disorders.

Alexithymia, depressive feelings, and dependency are interrelated dimensions that are considered potential "risk factors" for addictive disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between these dimensions and to define a comprehensive model of addiction in a large sample of addicted subjects, whether affected by an eating disorder or presenting an alcohol- or a drug use-related disorder. The participants in this study were gathered from a multicenter collaborative study on addictive behaviors conducted in several psychiatric departments in France, Switzerland, and Belgium between January 1995 and March 1999. The clinical sample was composed of 564 patients (149 anorexics, 84 bulimics, 208 alcoholics, 123 drug addicts) of both genders with a mean age of 27.3 +/- 8 years. A path analysis was conducted on the 564 dependent patients and 518 matched controls using the scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, and the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory. Statistical analyses showed good adjustment (Goodness of Fit Index = 0.977) between the observable data and the assumed model, thus supporting the hypothesis that a depressive dimension, whether anaclitic or self-critical, can facilitate the development of dependency in vulnerable alexithymic subjects. This result has interesting clinical implications because identifying specific patterns of relationships leading from alexithymia to dependency can provide clues to the development of targeted strategies for at-risk subjects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Anxiety disorders in subjects seeking treatment for eating disorders: a DSM-IV controlled study.

Women who were referred with an eating disorder (ED) were compared with a matched normal control group to answer the following questions: What are the frequencies of anxiety disorders in cases of anorexia and bulimia nervosa diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria? Are anxiety disorders significantly more frequent among women with an eating disorder than among women from the community? We assessed the frequencies of six specific anxiety disorders among 271 women with a current diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia nervosa and 271 controls, using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, French DSM-IV version. A lifetime comorbidity with at least one anxiety disorder was found in 71% of both the anorexic and the bulimic subjects, significantly higher than the percentage of controls with an anxiety disorder. The prevalence was significantly higher in the eating disorder groups than in controls for most types of anxiety disorder, and between 41.8 and 53.3% of comorbid cases had an anxiety disorder preceding the onset of the eating disorder. Anxiety disorders are significantly more frequent in subjects with eating disorders than in volunteers from the community, a finding that has important etiological and therapeutic implications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Depressive psychopathology and adverse childhood experiences in eating disorders.

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper was to investigate the diagnostic specificity of the self-critical and dependent depressive experiences in a clinical sample of eating disorder patients and to explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences on these dimensions of personality. METHOD: A sample of 94 anorexic and 61 bulimic patients meeting DSM-IV criteria and 236 matched controls were assessed with the Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ), the abridged version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the AMDP Life Events Inventory. Subjects presenting a major depression or a comorbid addictive disorder were excluded from the sample using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: Anorexic and bulimic patients showed higher scores than controls on both self-criticism and dependency sub-scales of the DEQ. Bulimic patients scored significantly higher than anorexic patients on self-criticism and reported more adverse childhood experiences. Finally, negative life events correlated only with self-criticism in the whole sample. DISCUSSION: Differences in the DEQ Self-Criticism between anorexics and bulimics could not be accounted for by depression since bulimic patients did not show higher BDI levels compared to anorexic patients and depressive symptoms measured with the BDI were not found to be significant predictors of diagnostic grouping in a logistic multiple regression. CONCLUSION: This study supports the diagnostic specificity of the dependent and self-critical depressive dimensions in eating disorders and strengthens previous research on the role of early experiences in the development of these disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Criterion validity of the interpersonal dependency inventory: a preliminary study on 621 addictive subjects.

The interpersonal dependency inventory comprised three subscales called Emotional reliance of another person (ER), lack of social self confidence (LSS) and Assertion of autonomy (AUT). Several formula have been developed for deriving whole-scale scores. The aim of the study on 621 addictive subjects was to determine the best formula using the DSM-IV dependent personality disorder as gold standard. The formula 3 ER + LSS - AUT yielded the best values of sensitivity and specificity.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is major depressive episode related to anxiety disorders in anorexics and bulimics?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of anxiety disorders is related to depressive comorbidity in subjects with eating disorders (ED), while taking into account certain variables that may be related to depression (subjects' age, ED duration, prior incidents of anorexia nervosa in bulimic subjects, inpatient or outpatient status, nutritional state [as measured by body mass index]). METHOD: We evaluated the frequency of depressive disorders in 271 subjects presenting with a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, DSM-IV version. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis reveals that anxiety disorders do not all have the same influence in terms of risk of onset of major depressive episode in anorexics and bulimics when adjusted on variables related to depression. CONCLUSION: Depression in subjects with ED can be explained in part by comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety, social phobia, and panic disorder.

Adult↗