Biomedical subjects

Jean-Numa Gillet

Publications and source records attributed to Jean-Numa Gillet.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

General equation for size nanocharacterization of the core-shell nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Nanocharacterization is essential for nanoengineering of new types of core-shell (c-s) nanoparticles, which can be used to design new devices for photonics, electronics, catalysis, medicine, etc. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been widely used to study the elemental composition of the c-s nanoparticles. However, the physical and chemical properties of a c-s nanoparticle dramatically depend on the sizes of its core and shell. We therefore propose a general equation for the XPS intensity of a c-s nanoparticle, which is based on an analytical model. With this equation, XPS can now also be used for nanocharacterization of the core and shell sizes of the c-s nanoparticles (with a diameter smaller than or equal to the XPS probing depth of approximately 10 nm). To validate the new equation with experimental XPS data, we first determine the average shell thickness of a group of c-s nanoparticles by comparing the XPS intensity of reference bare cores to that of the c-s nanoparticles. Then we study the growth kinetics of the cores and shells of another group of c-s nanoparticles where the shells are obtained by oxidation.

Nanotechnology↗

PubMed2003

Multiplexed computer-generated holograms with polygonal-aperture layouts optimized by genetic algorithm.

Using a novel genetic algorithm (GA) with a Lamarckian search we optimize the polygonal layout of a new type of multiplexed computer-generated hologram (MCGH) with polygonal apertures. A period ofthe MCGH is divided into cells, and the cell is further divided into polygonal apertures according to a polygonal layout, which is to be optimized. Among an ensemble of 1.21 x 10(24) possible polygonal layouts, we take a population of 102 solutions, which are coded as chromosomes of bits, and find the optimal solution with our GA. We introduce rank-based selection with cumulative normal distribution fitness, double crossover, exponentially decreasing mutation probability and Lamarckian downhill search with a small number of offspring chromosomes into our GA, which shows a rapid convergence to the global minimum of the cost function. In a second step of optimization the phase distributions over the subholograms in the MCGH are determined with our iterative subhologram design algorithm. Our MCGH designs show large-sie reconstructed images with high diffraction efficiency and low reconstruction error.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Multiplexed computer-generated hologram with polygonal apertures.

A novel type of multiplexed computer-generated hologram (CGH) is designed with more than one billion of pixels per period. It consists of elementary cells divided into arbitrary-shaped polygonal apertures, the division being identical in all cells. The cells are further digitized into pixel arrays to exploit the huge space-bandwidth product of electron-beam lithography. The polygonal apertures in the same location inside the cells constitute a subhologram. With the Abbe transform that has never, to our knowledge, been used in other CGH designs, the subhologram images (subimages) are obtained with fast Fourier transforms. It is therefore possible to design a multiplexed CGH that has a size thousands of times larger than the manageable size of a conventional CGH designed with the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA). A much larger object window than that of the conventional CGH can also be achieved with the multiplexed polygonal-aperture CGH, owing to its extremely large dimensions. The multiplexed polygonal-aperture CGH is designed with the novel iterative subhologram design algorithm, which considers the coherent summation of the subimages and applies constraints on the total image, subimages, and subholograms. As a result, the noise appearing in the preceding multiplexed-CGH designs is avoided. The multiplexed polygonal-aperture CGH has a much higher diffraction efficiency than that resulting from either the preceding multiplexed-CGH designs or the conventional CGH designed by the IFTA.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Multiplexed computer-generated holograms with irregular-shaped polygonal apertures and discrete phase levels.

We propose a novel type of multiplexed computer-generated hologram (MCGH) with irregular-shaped polygonal apertures and discrete phase levels. Each elementary cell forming the new MCGH is divided into a central aperture and several peripheral apertures. The new MCGH allows us to exploit the huge space-bandwidth product provided by standard lithography technologies. With use of the Abbe transform, the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns from the polygonal apertures and, therefore, the layout coefficients can be computed with simple algebraic expressions. Several symmetries related to the polygonal apertures also facilitate the layout-coefficient computation. In the novel iterative subhologram design algorithm (ISDA), we consider all subholograms equally and apply the image-plane constraint to the total reconstructed image, which is the coherent addition of the subimages from the subholograms. We designed MCGHs with several billions of pixels per period, which cannot be achieved with the classical iterative Fourier transform algorithm, because of the prohibitive computational cost and memory limitation. MCGHs with irregular polygonal apertures and discrete phases, which were designed by the ISDA, reconstruct a desired image of large size with high diffraction efficiencies and low reconstruction errors.

Journal Article↗