Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Jeannette L Johnson.
This article introduces this special issue on resilience by briefly reviewing its history and how contemporary researchers and theorists deliberate it today. Resilience, as a concept, emerged primarily from the work of Norman Garmezy, Emmy Werner, and Ruth Smith. It has transformed the field and shifted research, theory, and practice paradigms to a focus on strengths rather than deficits.
Longitudinal studies of children of alcoholics in a community context are rare, but are of special interest because they provide the opportunity to study families with alcoholic parents who do not reach clinical settings and with offspring who do not receive professional help. The current study reports on the 65 offspring of alcoholics who participated in the Kauai Longitudinal Study. The extensive data on these analyses included questionnaires and interviews of both children and adults that were collected over a 30-year period. The data showed that individuals who coped effectively with the trauma of growing up in an alcoholic family and who became competent adults relied on a significantly larger number of sources of support in their childhood and youth than did the offspring of alcoholics with coping problems by age 32.
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The Baltimore Drug and Alcohol Treatment Outcomes Study is a large study focusing on a single city. Over 1000 adult male and female substance users entering treatment in 16 publicly funded substance use treatment programs in the City of Baltimore between 1998 and 1999 were evaluated at four time periods (intake, 30 days after treatment, 6 month, and 12 month follow-ups). A comprehensive psychological battery was administered at each assessment interval. In this article, we report on the seven domains (alcohol, drug, medical, legal, employment, family, and psychological) of the addiction severity index (ASI) with the 459 women who participated in the study. Overall, statistically significant differences across time showed improvement as a result of substance user treatment were found in six of the seven ASI domains; no statistically significant effects for time were found for the medical composite scores. Drug and alcohol use among the participants was significantly reduced as early as 30 days after treatment. We discuss these findings in relation to the specific treatment needs of women who are addicted.