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Biomedical subjects

Jennifer Gray

Publications and source records attributed to Jennifer Gray.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a clinical sample of 513 youth referred for mental health assessment at a university clinic. Internal consistency and factor analysis provided support for the factorial validity of the RCADS. Convergent and discriminant validity tests against both clinical interview and self-report criteria also suggested favorable properties of the RCADS. In comparative tests with traditional measures of anxiety and depression, the RCADS generally showed greater correspondence to specific diagnostic syndromes. Clinical cutoffs are reported for the purposes of future clinical and research applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Antiretroviral medication errors in a national medication error database.

Antiretroviral medications have reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV. In contrast to these benefits, medication errors involving antiretrovirals represent opportunities for causing harm. We analyzed 400 medication errors that involved at least one single or combined HIV antiretroviral product that had been reported to a national medication error reporting program (MEDMARX). Our analysis revealed that 3% of the errors were harmful. Most of the errors (45%) occurred in the dispensing phase of the medication use process, a finding that differs significantly from many published studies. The most frequent types of errors were wrong dose (37.5%) and wrong medication (32%). Lamivudine (Epivir, Glaxo-SmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC) was the most commonly identified product to be involved in the errors. Community hospitals were more likely to have prescribing errors than teaching hospitals. Similar brand and generic names were associated with many of the errors. With frequent dosing of many HIV medications, health care organizations must have a process to clarify orders rapidly and maintain current references (including photos) of antiretrovirals. Prescribers should clearly spell out the intended product and avoid abbreviations. Participating in voluntary medication error reporting programs increases the awareness of the threats of medication errors involving antiretrovirals.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2004

Eccrine nevus.

Localized hyperhidrosis on the left forearm of a 7-year-old girl is described. Biopsy revealed an eccrine nevus. The differential diagnosis of localized hyperhidrosis is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2000

An Integrative Review of Patient Medication Compliance from 1990-1998.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the integrated review was to summarize studies about medication compliance and identify their implications for research and practice. Thirty research studies exploring patient medication compliance were reviewed. Study variables related to patients included characteristics that affect compliance, common medication errors, and strategies used by patients to remember to take their medication. Other studies evaluated methods for measuring compliance and interventions for improving compliance. CONCLUSIONS: There has not been a "gold standard" identified for measuring compliance, therefore it is difficult to compare results due to differences in operational definitions. Dosage frequency, patient's confidence in their provider, belief in the efficacy of a drug along with acceptance of illness have been shown to have a positive effect on compliance. IMPLICATIONS: Nurses and other health care providers can promote medication compliance by developing a collaborative relationship with the patient. Education and reminders are especially important at the beginning of treatment. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of nursing interventions to promote compliance.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Becoming adherent: experiences of persons living with HIV/AIDS.

Interviews were conducted with HIV-infected persons who had been taking antiretroviral medications for 6 months, reported high levels of adherence, and had low or stable viral loads consistent with adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed five themes related to adherence. "Choosing life" was reflected in decisions about initiating treatment, changing one's lifestyle, and pursuing goals. "Riding it out" emerged from descriptions of adjusting to side effects and overcoming barriers to adherence. "Figuring it out" encompassed individual strategies for incorporating pill-taking into one's life, such as use of pillboxes and making a schedule. "Sticking to it" was overcoming internal resistance to maintaining adherence. "Realizing the benefits," the final theme, revealed successful adherers who had improved clinical outcomes and for whom pill-taking had become routine.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mastery over stress among women with HIV/AIDS.

To better understand how women with HIV infection deal with the stress of their disease, the authors explored the relationships between stressors, resources for managing stress, and mastery over stress in 80 HIV-positive women. Nurses and other professionals recruited participants in a variety of settings in 10 states. Participants completed a packet of research instruments that measured the stressors of perceived stress intensity, interpersonal conflict, and severity of illness; the resources of social support, support networks, and spiritual perspective; and the outcome of mastery over stress. Participants reported high levels of social support, spiritual perspective, interpersonal conflict, and perceived stress intensity. Twenty-nine women (36%) had achieved mastery over stress. Mastery over stress was significantly and positively correlated with social support, spiritual perspective, and physical functioning, a measure of severity of illness. Mastery over stress was significantly and negatively correlated with interpersonal conflict. An exploratory stepwise multiple regression analysis yielded two predictors of mastery over stress: social support and spiritual perspective. Although a comparison of these results with those reported in the literature for men suggests that men and women differ in how they respond to stressors, further research will be needed to enhance our understanding of these gender differences. Stress management training, especially related to interpersonal conflict, may be an effective intervention to facilitate mastery. Other potential interventions include assessing social support and spiritual perspective, discussing the potential benefit of these resources, and making referrals for psychosocial services as needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗