Biomedical subjects

Jesús Navarrete Siancas

Publications and source records attributed to Jesús Navarrete Siancas.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Classification of stomach adenocarcinomas].

Malignant stomach tumors include carcinomas, lymphomas, leimiosarcomas, carcinoids and other less frequent tumors. Adenocarcinoma has been classified in many different ways and by many different authors. Depending on its stage, early or advanced, on one side and according to the TNM staging system (Tumor, Nodes, Metastases) on the other. The early-stage adenocarcinoma, from the macroscopic point of view has been classified in I, IIa, IIc, IIb and III and combinations therefrom. Early-stage cancer has been denominated as O type and advanced cancer, which has been denominated by common practice, as Borrmann: I, II, III and IV, is now numbered using Arabic numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. Type 5 is included, which would correspond to the non-classifiable carcinoma. Histologic classification according to Lauren, comprises intestinal, diffuse and the mixed or undifferentiated type which produces no mucus. According to Mulligan, it is classified as: pyloric glands and intestinal type cancer on one side and gastric type cell cancer on the other side. The WHO (World Health Organization) classifies them as: Papillary, tubular (tub.1, tub.2 and tub.3) signet ring cell, undifferentiated and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Nakamura, Kato and Hirota classify them as: differentiated and undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Ming classifies them as: expanding type and infiltrating type. There is a tendency, when dealing with early-stage cancer, to group its forms in ulcerating carcinomas, vegetating carcinomas, localized gastritis-like and advanced-like carcinomas. The gastritis-like classification would correspond to form IIb of the initial classification of early-stage cancer. Broders' classification of Adenocarcinoma grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 is mentioned here as a classification solely on basis of the cellular differentiation. As historical classification, we include that of James Ewing. The above mentioned classifications relate to each other and are not excluding from the conceptual point of view.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric epithelial polyps (first part)].

The following is a statistical report regarding gastric polyps:Frequency determined through endoscopic examinations was 3.6%. The terms hyperplastic polyps and adenomas were used for the classification of epithelial polyps, considering the suprafoveal hyperplasias within the hyperplastic polyps, provided they were elevated lesions. Out of 2,283 polyps, 1,959 were hyperplastic (86%) and 324 were adenomas (14%). When analyzing 780 polyps, 86 (11%) were found to have the Nakamura III category. With regard to topography, in an examination of 2253 polyps, hyperplastic polyps were located as follows: 325 (17%) in the antrum, 1402 (73%) in the body and 202 (10%) in the fundus. Adenomas had a different distribution: 212 (65%) in the antrum, 100 (31%) in the body and 12 (4%) in the fundus. Out of 371 hyperplastic polyps examined, 49% were pediculate and 51% were sessile; on the contrary, 86 % of adenomas were sessile. The average age was 66.2 years in adenoma carriers, 58.5 in those having hyperplastic polyps, and 57.4 for suprafoveal hyperplasias. In 287 adenomas, 94.1% of carriers were over 40 years old. Out of 92 adenomas examined, 21.7% evidenced adenoma metaplasia and 72.8% evidenced metaplasia in adjacent areas. Only 5.5% had no metaplasia. In 105 hyperplastic polyps studied, intestinal metaplasia was found: 16.7% in the polyp and 60% in adjacent areas. No metaplasia was found in the remaining 23.3%. Average size of the adenomas was 14 mm and of hyperplastic polyps, 11 mm. A total of 195 adenomas were smaller than 10 mm. The percentage of malignization in 288 adenomas examined was closely related to their size: 214 (66%) smaller than 20 mm, had a malignization percentage of 7%; 74 (34%) larger than 20 mm, had 51% malignization, and 86.2% malignization was found in adenomas of over 40 mm.Global malignization percentage of adenomas was 18%. However, when adenomas with high grade dysplasia in the 4.1 category of the Viena classification (non-invasive high grade neoplasia) were considered, this percentage rose to 26%. Malignization of hyperplastic polyps was 0.8%. When gastric acidity was determined using the maximum stimulation method, out of 77 cases of patients with hyperplastic polyps, 55 (60%) had real achlorhydria, 10 (18%) hypochlorhydria, 11 (20%) normochlorhydria, and only 1 (4) hyperchlorhydria. D.A.B. was 1.97 mEql for hyperplastics and 1.60 mEql for adenomas. D.A.M. was 6.05 mEql for hyperplastics and 5.49 mEql for adenomas. Our experience as to normal cases showed 2.5 mEqh +/- 1.2 and 22 mEqh +/- 6, respectively, for D.A.B and D.A.M.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric epithelial polyps (part two)].

The following is a statistical report regarding gastric polyps: Frequency determined through endoscopic examinations was 3.6%. The terms hyperplastic polyps and adenomas were used for the classification of epithelial polyps, considering the suprafoveal hyperplasias within the hyperplastic polyps, provided they were elevated lesions. Out of 2,283 polyps, 1,959 were hyperplastic (86%) and 324 were adenomas (14%). When analyzing 780 polyps, 86 (11%) were found to have the Nakamura III category. With regard to topography, in an examination of 2253 polyps, hyperplastic polyps were located as follows: 325 (17%) in the antrum, 1402 (73%) in the body and 202 (10%) in the fundus. Adenomas had a different distribution: 212 (65%) in the antrum, 100 (31%) in the body and 12 (4%) in the fundus. Out of 371 hyperplastic polyps examined, 49% were pediculate and 51% were sessile; on the contrary, 86 % of adenomas were sessile. The average age was 66.2 years in adenoma carriers, 58.5 in those having hyperplastic polyps, and 57.4 for suprafoveal hyperplasias. In 287 adenomas, 94.1% of carriers were over 40 years old. Out of 92 adenomas examined, 21.7% evidenced adenoma metaplasia and 72.8% evidenced metaplasia in adjacent areas. Only 5.5% had no metaplasia. In 105 hyperplastic polyps studied, intestinal metaplasia was found: 16.7% in the polyp and 60% in adjacent areas. No metaplasia was found in the remaining 23.3%. Average size of the adenomas was 14 mm and of hyperplastic polyps, 11 mm. A total of 195 adenomas were smaller than 10 mm. The percentage of malignization in 288 adenomas examined was closely related to their size: 214 (66%) smaller than 20 mm, had a malignization percentage of 7%; 74 (34%) larger than 20 mm, had 51% malignization, and 86.2% malignization was found in adenomas of over 40 mm. Global malignization percentage of adenomas was 18%. However, when adenomas with high grade dysplasia in the 4.1 category of the Viena classification (non-invasive high grade neoplasia) were considered, this percentage rose to 26%. Malignization of hyperplastic polyps was 0.8%. When gastric acidity was determined using the maximum stimulation method, out of 77 cases of patients with hyperplastic polyps, 55 (60%) had real achlorhydria, 10 (18%) hypochlorhydria, 11 (20%) normochlorhydria, and only 1 (4) hyperchlorhydria. D.A.B. was 1.97 mEql for hyperplastics and 1.60 mEql for adenomas. D.A.M. was 6.05 mEql for hyperplastics and 5.49 mEql for adenomas. Our experience as to normal cases showed 2.5 mEqh +/- 1.2 and 22 mEqh +/- 6, respectively, for D.A.B and D.A.M.

Adenomatous Polyps↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric Cancer in Early Stage: study of 371 lesions in 340 patients in the E. Rebagliati National, Lima-Peru].

The first concrete description of the Gastric Cancer in Early Stage is attributed to the German, M. Versé in 1903, in his book Die Histogenese der Schleimhautcarcinome, but the first to use the term, was the French, Bayle in 1833, calling it First Stage Gastric Cancer. From 1963 to 2002, 5118 gastric cancers were histologically diagnosed, in our hospital from which 2337 (46%) were resected in 340 of the resected specimens, 371 early gastric cancers (EGC) (15.87%) were found. DISTRIBUTION: For every five periods, the number and proportion of early cancers increases, from 10 (6.8%) in the first five years to 78 (21.0%) in the last one. AGE: The average is: 64 years old for men and 58 for women with a global average of 61 years old. The youngest case was in a woman of 23 years old. The oldest case in men was 93 years old, and in women, 81 years old. SEX: 235 males and 105 females, with a ratio of 2,2:1. MACROSCOPY: elevated type: Type l 70 (18.9%) Ila 66 (17.8%) Ila+Ilc 26 (7.0%) lla+l 1 (0.3%) I+lla 0 (0.0) IIa+III 1 (0.3%) IIa+IIb 1 (0.3%). Global average of the elevated type: 44.6%. SUPERFICIAL TYPE: llb 17 (4.6%), DEPRESSED TYPE: llb+llc 10 (2.7%), llc 127 (34.2%), llc+l 0 (0.0%) llc+lll 43 (11.6%) lll 3 (0.8%) lll+llc 5 (1.3%) llc+lla 1 (0.3%) lla+llb 0 (0.0%). The global average of the depressed type is: 50.9%. LOCATION: Antrum 171 (46.1%) body 138 (37.3%) bottom 46 (12.3%) antrum-body 12 (3%) and body-bottom 3 (1%). SIZE: Maximum 90 mm, minimum 1.5 mm, average 24.9 mm; 25 (8%) diminute (microcarcinomas), 58 (21%) small. HISTOLOGY: Differentiated 219 (64%) undifferentiated 121 (36%). Degree of differentiation in men 74% and in women 26%. Degree of differentiation in diminutes 92%, in small 79% and in large 69%. DEPTH: 204(55%) in mucous, 167(45%) in mucous/submucous. In differentiated 182 (63%) in mucous, 108 (37%) in mucous/submucous. GANGLION METASTASIS: In the 187 located in mucous, 13 (3.8%) were positive, in the 153 located in mucous/submucous 30 (8.8%) were positive. Global percentage of positive ganglions: 12.3%. SYNCHRONIC LESIONS: General in synchronic lesions in 54.6% in other types of cancer 12.7%. INTESTINAL METAPLASIA: Present in 65%, of which 50% of them were uncompleted. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS: Dyspepsia 82.2%, hyperoxia 32.9%, loss of weight 23.3%, non-characteristic pain 23.3%, ulcer pain 20.5%, melena 8.2%, anemia 7.7%, diarrhea and/or constipation 7.4%, vomiting 2.2%, hematemesis 1.9%. BLOOD TYPE: O (63.2%) A (24.7%) B (11.3%) AB (0.6%). GASTRIC SECRETION: This was determined in 70 patients: In 55 with ulcer, none showed achlorhydria 0%, 20 (36%) hypochlorhydria, 20 (36%) normochlorhydria and 15 (28%) hyperacidity. In 16 in an elevated form 13 (87.5%) with achlorhydria, 1 (6.5%) with hypochlorhydria, 1 (6.5%) with normal acidity. Average in ulcerated cases DAB 3.04 +/- 1.25 mEqh and DAM 12.31 +/- 8.00. In elevated cases: DAB 0.89 +/- 0.32 and DAM 2.20 +/- 0.95 mEqh.

Adult↗