Biomedical subjects

Jianhua Piao

Publications and source records attributed to Jianhua Piao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Phytate, calcium, iron, and zinc contents and their molar ratios in foods commonly consumed in China.

A total of 60 food samples commonly consumed in China were analyzed for phytate using the anion-exchange method and for calcium, iron, and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The foods analyzed included those based on cereal grains and soybean. Phytate contents expressed on a wet weight basis ranged from 0 for foods made from starches to 1878 mg/100 g for dried stick-shaped soybean milk film. The calcium contents were between 2.08 mg/100 g for ground corn and 760.67 mg/100 g for diced fried soybean curd. The lowest values of iron and zinc were 0.04 mg/100 g for Panjin pearl rice cooked with discarding extra water and 0.08 mg/100 g for potato and bean starches, while the highest values of iron and zinc were observed in dried stick-shaped soybean milk film. Although many foods were relatively rich in calcium, zinc, and iron, many also contained a higher level of phytate. Of the 60 food samples, 34 foods had a phytate/calcium molar ratio >0.24, 53 foods had a phytate/iron molar ratio >1, 31 foods had a phytate/zinc molar ratio >15, and only 7 foods had a phytate x calcium/zinc >200. Phytate in foods impair the bioavailability of calcium, iron, and zinc, which to some extent depends upon food processing and cooking methods.

Biological Availability↗

PubMed2005

Studies on zinc bioavailability from a representative diet in Chinese urban women of childbearing age using a double label stable isotope technique.

The objectives of the study were to determine dietary zinc bioavailability by using a double label stable isotope technique, and to identify the zinc content and levels of some possible factors which may affect zinc utilization in a typical representative Chinese urban diet. Twenty urban women of childbearing age were fed a diet extrinsically labeled with 67Zn and received intravenous (i.v.) injections of 70Zn. Fecal monitoring, urine monitoring and chemical balance technique were used simultaneously for comparisons. Isotopic enrichment in feces and urine after oral and i.v. administration of stable zinc isotopes was measured to determine the ways of zinc absorption. The mean (+/-SD) zinc intake from the representative Chinese diet was 10.22+/-0.80 mg/day, which is lower than the reference nutrient intake (RNI) level (11.5 mg/day), and mainly came from the subsidiary foods (63%). The mean dietary Fe/Zn weight was 1.1+/-0.1. The phytate/zinc molar ratio in the diet was about 3:1. The phytic acidxCa/zinc molar ratio in the diet was about 45:1. The apparent and true absorption rates of 67Zn were 36.2+/-9.7% and 38.2+/-10.1%, respectively, which were higher than the apparent absorption determined by balance technique (29.7+/-10.6%). The mean fractional absorption (FA) determined in urine was 35.7+/-13.3. In conclusion, the subsidiary food is the main source of dietary zinc in this typical diet. The extrinsic labeling technique by use of stable isotopes was more reliable and accurate to determine zinc absorption. Moreover, the double isotopic tracer ratio (DITR) technique applied to urine samples was a more practical and valuable way to evaluate zinc absorption than other methods. It can be speculated that iron and phytic acid might not be the main inhibitors in the representative Chinese diet.

Absorption↗

PubMed2005

Studies on the effectiveness of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce in controlling iron deficiency: a population-based intervention trial.

The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce for controlling iron deficiency in a high-risk population. This was an 18-month, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial in 14,000 residents aged three years or older in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China, using sodium-iron ethylene diamine tetraacetate (NaFeEDTA)-fortified soy sauce (29.6 mg Fe/100 ml). The study data included measurements of food consumption, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum retinol. The results showed that the diet consisted primarily of cereals, fruits, and vegetables, with very little meat. Food consumption remained unchanged during the study period and was similar in the fortified and control groups. The average daily soy sauce consumption of the group consuming the fortified product was 16.4 ml per person, which provided 4.9 mg of iron from NaFeEDTA. At the end of the trial, all age and sex subgroups receiving NaFeEDTA had significantly higher hemoglobin levels, a lower prevalence of anemia, and higher plasma ferritin levels than the controls. The effects became statistically significant after six months of intervention and were maintained throughout the study period. We conclude that NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce was highly effective in controlling iron deficiency and reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in men, women, and children. NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce is affordable and was well accepted by the study population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rich which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor on rats].

OBJECTIVE: Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CpTI (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential teratogenicity effects. METHODS: Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: transgenic rice group, non transgenic rice group, negative control group and positive control group. The diet of transgenic rice group contained 78.3% transgenic rice. The diet of non transgenic rice group contained 74.7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one. The diet formula of the two control groups was AIN93G. The marco- and micronutrient content were equal in three diets. When the sexual maturation period of rats arrived, conventional teratogenicity test was performed. RESULTS: The body weight gain of pregnant rats and body weight, body length and tail length of fetal rats in transgenic rice group were significant higher than those in positive control group (P < 0.01). The malformation rate of fetus in transgenic rice group was significant lower than that in positive control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences of all indexes among transgenic rice group, non transgenic rice group and negative control group (P > 0.05). Judging from these results, the transgenic rice modified with CpTI was considered to have no maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity effects.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Immunotoxicologic assessment of transgenetic rice].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunotoxicologic aspect of transgenetic plant. METHODS: BALB/C mice were fed with food composed by transgenic rice (into which cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene was introduced) or nontransgenetic rice (which has the same gene composition as the transgenic rice except for the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene) for 30 days. All food is made according to the composition of AIN-93G. In the end, all kinds of immunotoxicologic indexes of mice of every group were compared such as body weight, guts index, blood routine test, lymphocyte sort, serum antibody titter, plaque forming cell, delayed hypersensitivity response, macrophage function test. RESULTS: All immunotoxicologic indexes of mice fed either by transgenic rice or nontransgenetic rice have no differences to those of mice fed by normal food. CONCLUSION: Transgenic rice is substantially equivilent to nontransgenetic rice in immunotoxicologic aspect.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Study on food safety of genetically modified rice which expressed cowpea trypsin inhibitor by 90 day feeding test on rats].

OBJECTIVE: Rats were fed by transgenic rice which expressed insecticidal protein CPTI (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) to study if the transgenic rice possessed potential toxic or adverse effects. METHODS: Weanling Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: T, N and C group. The diet of T group contained 78.3% transgenic rice. The diet of N group contained 74.7% non transgenic rice which was the parent line of the transgenic one. The diet formula of C group was AIN93G. The macro- and micronutrient content were equal in three diets. The rats were fed for 90 days. Food intakes were weight every day, body-weight were weight and body-length were measured every week. In the middle and at the end of feeding period, haematological value and clinical chemistry parameters were measured, at the end of the 90th day, post-mortem organ coefficient were measured, organ tissues analysis was performed and bone density was measured. RESULTS: In most situation, there were no significant differences among the three groups(P > 0.05) and no histopathological damage were detected. At the end of the 1st month, the male rats' body length of the T group was longer than the other two groups and at the end of the test period, the male rats' blood glucose and ALT were lower than the other two groups. In the middle of the test period, the female rats' red blood cell number and hemoglobin were higher than the other two groups and at the end of the test period, the female rats' monocyte number was higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). But all of the results were in the normal range which had been reported before. CONCLUSION: From the results of the 90 days feeding test of transgenic rice on rats there did not reveal any signs of toxic and adverse effects.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2004

[Nutrition assessment of transgenic rice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the nutrition effects between transgenic rice and non-transgenic rice. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups according to their sex respectively: transgenic rice group, non-transgenic rice group and AIN93G normal control group. They were fed with corresponding food for 28 days. Indicator as follows: food intake, protein effective ratio, body weight, body length, blood routine test, blood biochemistry test, organ index and bone density. RESULTS: In male groups, expect that liver/body ratio was higher in transgenic rice group than that in non-transgenic rice group, all other indicators had no significant difference each other. In female groups, liver/body weight ratio, blood calcium and bone density were higher in transgenic group than those in non-transgenic group. All other indicators had no significant difference between transgenic rice group and non-transgenic rice group. Body weight, bone density and blood calcium were higher and liver/body weight ratio had no significant difference in transgenic rice group than those in AIN93G group. CONCLUSION: Transgenic rice had good nutrition effects on rat development and no toxicity and adverse effects were found in transgenic rice group.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Stability of protein to digestion in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To establish test model of stability of different protein to digestion in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). METHODS: The component of SGF and SIF being from the United States Pharmacopeia, the stability of various proteins were tested. The concentration of protein in SGF/SIF was 0.5mg/ml. At intervals of 0s, 15s, 30s, 60s, 2min, 4min, 8min, 15min, 30min and 60min, the samples were taken out. According to the results of SDS-PAGE, the stability of various proteins to digestion in SGF/SIF was observed. RESULTS: The experiment showed that trypsin inhibitor from soybean, beta-lactoglobulin A from bovine milk and beta-lactoglobulin B from bovine milk were stable within 60min in SGF. Peanut lectin was digested within 8min. Most soybean lectin was digested within 8min, but the degraded fragments still existed. Ovalbumin, ovomucoid, BSA, soybean lipoxygenase and potato acid phosphatase were digested within 15s. The results in SGF were not consistent with the results in SIF. Trypsin inhibitor from soybean, beta lactoglobulin A from bovine milk, beta-lactoglobulin B from bovine milk, BSA, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, soybean lectin and peanut lectin were stable for 60min in SIF. The degraded fragments of soybean lipoxygenase and potato acid phospatase exited within 60min. CONCLUSION: Different proteins showed different stability to SGF/SIF. According to the difference, model of evaluating the stability of protein to SGF/SIF was established.

Drug Stability↗

PubMed2004

[Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against cowpea trypsin inhibitor].

OBJECTIVE: To detect cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) in transgenic rice leaves and build a possible method to assay transgenic plant with CpTI. METHODS: Nowadays gene assay is the most useful method to detect transgenic plants. But false positive may be got in gene assay and effective protein may not be produced. So assay of foreign protein is the most direct and conformable method. Monoclonal antibodies were got through traditional method of preparation. RESULTS: Three monoclonal antibodies were got. Detection of CpTI in transgenic rice leaves with these three antibodies mixes through Western blotting was conducted and the result was satisfying. CONCLUSION: The method of using the mixes of three antibodies to detect the CpTI in plants through Western blotting was satisfying.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Prediction of structure and function of human selenoprotein P].

OBJECTIVE: To probe the function and structure of human selenoprotein P (SELP). METHODS: Several bioinformatic server are used to analyze exons, hydrophobic nature, transmembrane helices and the bonding state of cysteines respectively, as well as the secondary structure and relative solvent accessibility. The homology analysis and searching for motifs or domains in SELP are also carried out. RESULTS: Two transmembrane helices are found, as is consistent with the hydrophobic nature of SELP. Matured SELP consists of four modules: M1 (Glu20-Ser67/Lys68), M2 (Ser67/Lys68-Asp138/Arg139), M3(Asp138/Arg139-Thr178), M4 (Thr179-Asn381). A coiled coil exists in the second module whose regular secondary structure is higher than that of other three. The percentage of loop structure is higher in the first, third and fourth modules, so they may be three reactive center. The fourth module is the most active one which has a histidine-rich region (His204-His257) on the surface of SELP. Because most of the residues are the E type of solvent accessibility, SELP appears not to be globular. SELP consists of two kinds of domain, so it more probably has more than one function. HUNB_SCAAL, ZP12_BRARE, BR11_BRARE, BRN1_HUMAN which play roles in the development of brain are found have sequence similarity with SELP and the similarity may be the specificity to brain. Other two similar proteins are KNOB_PLAFG and HPN_ HELPY which anchor host thrombospondin or a parasite analog in a binding complex with the endothelial cell receptor and strongly binds nickel and zinc respectively. CONCLUSION: The results showed suggest that SELP may have metal binding and endothelial cell membrane anchoring activity which are backed up not only by homology analysis but also the prediction of structure. Moreover, the results also suggest the specificity of SELP to brain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

[Subchronic toxicity test of transgenic rice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the subchronic toxic effects of transgenic rice on rats. METHODS: Based on gender and weight, 144 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: transgenic rice group, nontransgenic rice group and AIN93G normal control group. They were fed for 90 days. Rats in transgenic rice group were fed with 73.2% transgenic rice. Rats in non-transgenic rice group were fed with 73.7% non-transgenic rice. Indicators were the following: body weight, body length, blood routine test, blood biochemistry test, organ weight, bone density and organ pathological examination. RESULTS: Compared with non-transgenic rice group, glucose was lower while cholesterol and HDLD concentration were higher in transgenic rice group in mid-experiment. But all these differences disappeared at the end of experiment. ALT activity in transgenic rice were higher than that in non-transgenic rice group. Compared with AIN93G normal control group, body weight, TG, HDLD were higher and glucose was lower in transgenic rice group in mid-experiment and all these differences disappeared at the end of the experiment. No abnormality was found with the pathological examination on brain, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, duodenum, adrenal gland, spermary and ovary. CONCLUSION: There were not enough evidences to confirm that transgenic rice had adverse effects on the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Studies on comparing the toxicity between sodium selenite and selenomethionine in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the toxicity between sodium selenite and selenomethionine (SeM) and to investigate the indicators of selenium toxicity. METHODS: Weanling Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly divided into seven groups, 14 rats each group. One group was fed basal diet and the others were fed basal diets containing 3, 6, 10 mg greater than that of SeM and female rats were more sensitive to excessive selenium than male rats. Se/kg added as sodium selenite or SeM for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Histopathological changes of the liver were observed in rats on Se 3 mg/kg diets while the decreasing of body weight occurred in rats on 6 Se mg/kg diet. Among the rats fed Se 6, 10 mg/kg diet, the body weight of rats in selenite-treated groups was lower than that of rats in SeM-treated groups. At the 3 or 6 mg/kg Se level, the rats fed SeM suffered slighter hepatic damage than those fed sodium selenite and in male rats slighter than female rats. The abnormal change of ratio of liver weight to body weight was found to be more obvious both in female rats and in selenite-treated rats. GPX activity in liver of female rats reduced with the increase of Se level in diets. However, GPX activity in RBC, plasma, kidneys and liver showed an ascending tendency with the increasing level of dietary Se. CONCLUSION: The minimum dose of intoxication of Se in diet may be around 3 mg/kg. The toxicity of selenite is greater than that of SeM and female rats were more sensitive to excessive selenium than male rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Study on the teratogenicity effects of genetically modified rice with Xa21 on rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of genetically modified rice with Xa21 on the development of rat embryos. METHODS: According to sex, weanling rats were divided into four groups: transgenic rice group, non-transgenic rice group, AIN93G negative control group and MATDA positive control group. The rats were fed with corresponding food for 90 days and mated. The development of maternal rats and embryos were observed. RESULTS: The body weight gain of pregnant rats and the body weight, body length and tail length of fetal rats in transgenic rice group were significant increased than those in positive control group. The number of death embryos and adsorption embryos, the malformation rate (appearance, viscera, skeleton) in transgenic rice group were lower than those in positive control group. There were no significant difference of all indicators among transgenic rice group, non-transgenic rice group and AIN93G negative control group. CONCLUSION: Compared with the non-transgenic rice, transgenic rice modified with Xa21 gene showed no significant differences in rat pregnant rate and embryo development.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Research progress of the status of folate nutrition of different populations].

Folate is an essential nutrient of the B complex group of vitamins, as a cofactor, involving in numerous important intracellular reactions. The role of folate in human nutrition has become increasingly important with recent researches. While the relation between folate and anemia had been substantiated long ago, the difference of the folate nutritional status among populations and regions and the application of folate to preventing and curing anemia have not been definitely stated. However, scientists have always been active in detecting the status of folate nutrition of different populations and exploring practical, effective and scientific measures to prevent anemia for half a century. The surveillance for folate nutritional status and its application to preventing or curing anemia in recent years were summarized. In this article, it is suggested that the nutritional status of folate of the people at risk should be carefully monitored and effective measures be taken promptly in our country.

Anemia↗

PubMed2003

[Studies on the zinc bioavailability using stable isotope techniques].

Zinc is one of essential trace elements in humans. Zinc homeostasis is mainly regulated by the changes of intestinal absorption efficiency and endogenous excretion, namely the regulation of bioavailability. Studies on zinc bioavailability play an important role on a thorough understanding of zinc metabolism and reliable assessment on population zinc status. Stable isotopes are valuable tools for research on mineral bioavailability and metabolism. Zinc stable isotopes can be used for all population as tracers with no exposure to radiation. Since 1980s' many different stable isotope methods have been applied to the zinc metabolism research. However, limitations to these approaches and methodological problems remain to be resolved. In addition, the introduction and development of new analytical instruments not only make it possible to use zinc stable isotope, also greatly diminish the difficulty and cost on it. The paper is mainly focused on the zinc bioavailability and present a review of its development history, main research methods and analytical skills.

Biological Availability↗

PubMed2003

[Mineral absorption from dual stable isotopic technique].

Isotope technique is the most accurate method to assess the bioavailability of trace elements. Due to the hazard of radioisotopes, it can't be used to such populations as infants and pregnant women. With the development of stable isotope technique, more and more researches were conducted with stable isotopes. The newly developed dual stable isotope technique was preferred because of its accuracy. While the papers published using such technique till now usually contained the estimation of the blood volume and hemoglobin incorporation. Because of such estimation, errors would be introduced into the results. To obtain the accurate result from the data available, this paper described a rigorous method to calculate the trace element bioavailability. The dual stable isotopic technique was discussed in detail in this paper. From the assumption of the method to their performance, the author described the procedure of calculation of the mineral absorption from the MS data and why. This method was described by using iron as an example, and can be used in similar studies.

Absorption↗

PubMed2003

[The dietary patterns and nutritional status of adult Yi people in Liangshan autonomous region].

This study was undertaken to know about the dietary pattern and nutrition status of adult Yi people in Liangshan autonomous region so that to provide evidence to ameliorate and promote the health and prevent nutrition-related diseases. 220 families, 468 inhabitants aged from 18 to 60, were sampled for the survey by a multistage, stratified, random, cluster process. Questionnaire-survey and measurement of height and weight were executed on the spot. Between rural and urban Yi inhabitants, there were differences in income, dietary pattern and eating habit. Compared with RNIs, dietary nutrients intakes of adult Yi people were irrational and differences lay between rural and urban. For urban inhabitants, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 188%, and the prevalence of emaciation was 4.7%; while for rural inhabitants, the prevalence of emaciation was 9.8%, but no prevalence of overweight and obesity. There was obvious imbalance in energy and nutrients intakes of rural and urban adult Yi people in Liangshan. Emaciation, overweight and obesity prevalence was different between these two subgroups of population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Serum thyroglobulin measurement utility in the surveillance for iodine status].

In order to provide a reference for serum thyroglobulin measurement utility in the surveillance for iodine status, the basic character and metabolism of throglobulin in the thyroid, and the relationship between iodine supply and thyroglobulin were reviewed. The utility of serum thyroglobulin in the screening for the iodine deficiency disorder, excess iodine was analyzed, and advantages and limitations were also summarized. Serum thyroglobulin was more sensitive than serum thyrotropin in the feedback of iodine status and a useful indicator deserved to be recommend.

Adult↗