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Biomedical subjects

Jie Zhao

Publications and source records attributed to Jie Zhao.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Lipopolysaccharide-activated SHP-1-deficient motheaten microglia release increased nitric oxide, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta.

Accumulating evidence suggests a deleterious role for activated microglia in facilitating neuronal death by producing neurocytotoxic substances during injury, infection, or neurodegenerative diseases. After cochlear ablation, abnormal microglial activation accompanied by increased neuronal loss within the auditory brainstem occurs in motheaten (me/me) mice deficient in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. To determine whether abnormally activated microglia contribute to neuronal death in me/me mice, primary microglial cultures from me/me and wild-type mouse cortices were stimulated by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the secretion of the neurotoxic mediators nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Me/me microglia release significantly greater amounts of all three mediators compared with wild-type microglia. However, the increased release of these compounds in microglia lacking SHP-1 does not appear to occur through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinase subgroups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, or increases in NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). These results suggest that abnormal microglial activation and release of neurotoxic compounds may potentiate neuronal death in deafferented cells and can thus potentiate neurodegeneration in the me/me brainstem. Our data also indicate that SHP-1 is engaged in signaling pathways in LPS-activated microglia, but not through regulation of the ERK and p38 MAP kinases.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Proteomics-based identification of autoantibodies in the sera of healthy Chinese individuals from Beijing.

The identification of panels of tumor antigens that elicit an antibody response may have utility in cancer screening, diagnosis and in establishing prognosis. However, autoantibodies normally exist in sera of healthy individuals and are enormously diversified. To explore the reservoir of autoantibody in healthy population, we performed a proteomics investigation of autoantibody profiles in the sera of 36 healthy Chinese individuals from Beijing, which may provide valuable reference information to the identification of disease-specific autoantibodies. The results showed that autoantibody profiles varied individually, but some autoantibodies were identified at a high frequency in the healthy population. The autoantibodies against alpha-enolase and those against heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L were positive in more than 50% of the sera samples. The autoantibodies identified in more than 20% of samples included those against annexin II, F-actin capping protein beta subunit and calreticulin. Some of these autoantibodies have been previously reported to be involved in autoimmune conditions and cancers. Autoantibodies in the healthy population are important as a foundation from which disease-specific autoantibodies can be defined. Thus our report on autoantibodies in healthy individuals may be useful as a reference for defining new autoantibody biomarkers.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Diallyl disulfide suppresses growth of HL-60 cell through increasing histone acetylation and p21WAF1 expression in vivo and in vitro.

AIM: To examine the differentiation induction and growth inhibition of HL-60 cells by diallyl disulfide (DADS), and its relationship with the alterations of histone acetylation and p21(WAF1) expression in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Differentiation was studied by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of HL-60 cell in vitro. HL-60 cells 5x10(6) were injected into the right side of the peritoneal cavity of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. When the peritoneal neoplasms were detected, the SCID mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and received an ip injection of vehicle alone (NS), DADS or sodium butyrate (SB). The growth inhibition of peritoneal neoplasms induced by DADS was observed by a growth curve. The cycle distribution of HL-60 cells in SCID mice was monitored by flow cytometry. The expression of acetylated histone H3, H4 and p21(WAF1) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: After treatment with DADS for 0-72 h, the NBT reduction ability of HL-60 cells increased in a time-dependent manner, compared with no treatment of HL-60 cells. In the HL-60 cells treated with DADS for 24 h, the expression of acetylated histone H3, H4, and p21(WAF1) increased obviously. After treatment with DADS, tumor growth was markedly suppressed. HL-60 cells from mice treated with DADS were blocked in the G1 phase, from 25.4% to 63.4%. The tumors from the mice treated with DADS showed an increase of acetylated histone H3, H4, and p21(WAF1). CONCLUSION: DADS could induce differentiation and inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells through increasing the expression of acetylated histone H3, H4, and p21(WAF1) in vitro and in vivo.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2006

[The localization of arabinogalactan-proteins in stigma and style of Nicotiana tabacum L].

The distribution patterns of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in stigma and style of Nicotiana tabacum L. were studied with western blotting, immunohistochemistry and ultracytochemistry techniques. The results showed abundant AGPs accumulated in the stigmas and styles (Fig.1, Plate I). AGPs were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and extracellular matrix of the secretory zone of stigma (Plate II) and no significant changes of the distribution of AGPs in stigma were detected before and after pollination. In styles, AGPs were mainly distributed in the outer cell walls of the epidermal cells, the cytoplasm of peripheral cells of vascular bundles and the extracellular matrix of the transmitting tissues (Plate III). As the pollen tube tips penetrated through, the accumulations of AGPs in the extracellular matrix of the stylar transmitting tissues decreased, but abundant AGPs were founded in the cytoplasm and cell walls of the passing pollen tubes (Plate III).

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed2006

[Comparative research on the implantation of mouse blastocyst in the co-cultural system of malignant tumor Cells and receptive endometrium in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: Comparaticely to study biological behaviour variability of mouse embryo implantation in vitro between malignant tumor cells and receptive endometrium, on the basis of the co-culture of mouse blastocyst and malignant tumor cells in vitro. METHODS: The light scope, scanning electron scope, the HE and immunohistochemical staining were applied to investigate and observe the blastocyst biology behavior in co-cultural system in vitro of mouse blastocyst-malignant cell and blastocyst-monolayer receptive endometrium. RESULTS: There was no significant biological behaviors observed or discovered for mouse blastocysts to implant into co-cultural system with malignant tumor cells from different histologcial origins, and no significant rates obtained for hatchment, attachment and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts in the co-culture system (P > 0.05) of monolayer receptival endometrium cells and malignant tumor cells. There was no significant difference observed between the cell morphology changes of implanted in endometrium and MMP-9 expressed in trophoblastic cells. CONCLUSIONS: That the mouse blastocyst cells has no biological behaviour difference happened between two co-cultural systems in vitro indicates it may be relevant with its high adaptation to environment and self assembly of the early life.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The algorithm of extracting respiratory information from single channel electrocardiogram].

Because the factors of interference in R wave of normal QRS are few except for respiration, the algorithm uses supra ventricular beats in the ECG to extract respiratory signal (EDR) (ECG-derived respiratory signal). The method used here firstly transfers the original single lead ECG signal into the wavelet, then prolongs R amplitudes of supra ventricular beats in the proper scale approximation of wavelet, then the prolonged signal passes a low pass filter, then reduces sample rate to 5 Hz, finally through a band pass filter (0.1-0.4 Hz), the output of the band pass filter is the EDR.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Histone H1 depletion in mammals alters global chromatin structure but causes specific changes in gene regulation.

Linker histone H1 plays an important role in chromatin folding in vitro. To study the role of H1 in vivo, mouse embryonic stem cells null for three H1 genes were derived and were found to have 50% of the normal level of H1. H1 depletion caused dramatic chromatin structure changes, including decreased global nucleosome spacing, reduced local chromatin compaction, and decreases in certain core histone modifications. Surprisingly, however, microarray analysis revealed that expression of only a small number of genes is affected. Many of the affected genes are imprinted or are on the X chromosome and are therefore normally regulated by DNA methylation. Although global DNA methylation is not changed, methylation of specific CpGs within the regulatory regions of some of the H1 regulated genes is reduced. These results indicate that linker histones can participate in epigenetic regulation of gene expression by contributing to the maintenance or establishment of specific DNA methylation patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Significance of donors treatment with combination of recombinant human interleukin-11 and recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in reduction of incidence of lethal grafts versus host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of donor treatment with combination of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) and recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on incidence of lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). METHODS: Forty C57BL/6 mice, as donors, were treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or optimal doses of rhG-CSF, rhIL-11, or rhG-CSF + rhIL-11 for five consecutive days. Fifty BALB/C mice, as recipients, received a lethal dose of 8.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) 4-6 h before the transplantation. Ten C57BL/6 mice without transplantation were used as pure radiation control group (group A). The other 40 C57BL/6 mice received the allogeneic bone marrow from the donors treated with PBS (group B), rhG-CSF (group C), rhIL-11 (group D), or rhG-CSF + rgIL-11 (group E) 14 and 30 days after the transplantation, suspensions of bone marrow cells were prepared from the 4 groups. Monoclone antibody of PE-H-2D(b) was added. The percentage of the H-2D(b) positive cells was observed by flow cytometry to detect the chimerism to determine the proportion of the cells of donor origin. The liver, spleen, intestine, and skin tissues of the mice presenting symptoms of GVHD were taken out before the diseased mice died. The long-surviving mice were killed 60 days after the transplantation and the above-mentioned tissues were taken out. Light microscopy was used to observe the pathological changes. 14 days after transplantation, the spleen cells of the different groups were obtained to undergo mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR), and 14 days after transplantation another spleen cells of groups B, C, D, and E were obtained to prepare suspension of mononuclear cells to test the levels of IL-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by ELISA. RESULT: The survival time of group E was 38 d +/- 19 d, significantly longer than the other groups (all P < 0.01). The survival times of groups C and D were 23 d +/- 8 d and 25 d +/- 15 d respectively, both significantly longer than that of group B (14 d +/- 4 d, both P < 0.01). The mice of group A all died within 8 days with a survival time of 6.2 d +/- 1.3 d. The GVHD pathological changes were milder in group E than in the other groups. 14 and 30 days after transplantation, the percentage of H-2D(b) antibody positive cells was over 95% in all surviving transplanted mice. All the mice of group B developed GVHD, and the earlier GVHD appeared the severer the pathological changes. In group E 3 mice developed GVHD more than 20 days after transplantation, 7 mice survived more than 30 days, and 4 survived 60 days without any sign of GVHD. The pathological changes in the tissues of the mice that died within 20 days were more remarkable than those of the mice that died 20 days or more after transplantation. The levels of IFN-gamma of group C, D, and E were significantly lower than that of group B, and the levels of IL-4 of group C, D, and E were significantly higher than that of group B (all P < 0.01). The level of IFN-gamma of group E was significantly lower than those of groups C and D, and the level of IL-4 of group E was significantly higher than those of groups C and D (all P < 0.05). The levels of group D and E were significantly lower than those of group B and C (all P < 0.01). The MLR 14 days after transplantation showed that the proliferation to host alloantigen of group E was 0.22 +/- 0.08, significantly lower than those of groups B, C, and D (0.87 +/- 0.14, 0.54 +/- 0.21, and 0.49 +/- 0.18 respectively, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Donor treatment with the combination of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF shows a synergic function in inducing immune tolerance, and significantly reduces the incidence of lethal GVHD after BMT.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Abnormal expression of epilepsy-related gene ERG1/NSF in the spontaneous recurrent seizure rats with spatial learning memory deficits induced by kainic acid.

Previous epilepsy-related gene screen identified a spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS)-related gene named epilepsy-related gene (ERG1) that encodes N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). To explore whether spatial learning memory deficits are relevant to SRS and whether hippocampal NSF expression is altered by SRS, we used the kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy animal model. SRS was monitored for 3 weeks after injection of a single convulsive dose of KA. KA-treated rats with SRS, KA-treated rats without SRS, and saline-treated rats were then measured in Morris water maze. In this spatial learning task, KA-treated rats with SRS performed poorer compared to those without SRS and those treated with saline. During the subsequent probe trials, KA-treated rats with SRS spent less swim path and time in the target quadrant but more swim path and time in the opposite quadrant, and showed fewer platform crossings. Moreover, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that both ERG1/NSF mRNA and NSF immunoreactive expression were down-regulated in the CA1 and dorsal dentate gyrus cells (dDGCs) of the hippocampus, and interestingly, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive dopamine (DA) neurons were lost in ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the KA rats with SRS. These data demonstrate that SRS impairs spatial learning memory and suggest that the down-regulation of NSF expression pattern in the hippocampus and the loss of DA neurons in VTA might contribute to the spatial learning memory deficits induced by SRS.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

PLGA-(L-Asp-alt-diol)(x)-PLGAs with different contents of pendant amino groups: synthesis and characterization.

A series of novel biodegradable multi-block copolymers PLGA-(L-Asp-alt-diol)(x)-PLGA with pendant amino groups was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide/glycolide(D,L-LA/GA) (75/25) using poly(N-Cbz-L-Asp-alt-diol)s as macroinitiator and stannous octoate as catalyst, in which the N-Cbz-L-Asp represents N-carbobenzyloxy-L-aspartic acid and diols are ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, PEG200, and PEG600, respectively. Their structures and properties were characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, DSC, GPC, and elemental analysis (EA). The contents of the L-Asp unit in the copolymers were increased from 12.9 to 79.3 mmol.g(-1) with decreasing the chain length of the diol, while the glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were decreased from 27.1 to 11.7 degrees C with increasing the chain length of the diol. Thus, the results in this study provide a way to prepare biomaterials with different L-Asp unit densities or different number of bioactive sites as well as different properties through adjusting the chain length of the diol. Synthesis of PLGA-(N-Cbz-L-Asp-alt-diol)(x)-PLGA copolymers.

Asparagine↗
PubMed2005

Toll-like receptors on tumor cells facilitate evasion of immune surveillance.

The signal pathways that trigger tumor cell escape from immune surveillance are incompletely understood. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which activate innate and adaptive immune responses, are thought to be restricted to immune cells. We show here that TLRs, including TLR4, are expressed on tumor cells from a wide variety of tissues, suggesting that TLR activation may be an important event in tumor cell immune evasion. Activation of TLR4 signaling in tumor cells by lipopolysaccharide induces the synthesis of various soluble factors and proteins including interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-12, B7-H1, and B7-H2, and results in resistance of tumor cells to CTL attack. In addition, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor cell supernatants inhibit both T cell proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Blockade of the TLR4 pathway by either TLR4 short interfering RNA or a cell-permeable TLR4 inhibitory peptide reverses tumor-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation and natural killer cell activity in vitro, and in vivo, delays tumor growth and thus prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. These findings indicate that TLR signaling results in a cascade leading to tumor evasion from immune surveillance. These novel functions of TLRs in tumor biology suggest a new class of therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of interferon regulatory factor-8 mediated by Cbl down-regulates interleukin-12 expression.

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-8/interferon consensus sequence-binding protein is regulated by both transcription and degradation. IRF-8 induced in peritoneal macrophages by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide was degraded rapidly, and degradation of IRF-8 was blocked by MG132, the proteasome inhibitor, but inhibitors of calpain and lysosomal enzymes had no effect. The ubiquitination of IRF-8 was shown by co-immunoprecipitation from RAW264.7 macrophages retrovirally transduced with IRF-8 and hemagglutinin-ubiquitin. The dominant negative ubiquitin mutants K48R and K29R inhibited IRF-8 degradation in 293T cells, confirming the relationship between ubiquitination of IRF-8 and its degradation. IRF-8 carboxyl-terminal truncation mutants were not ubiquitinated and were consequently stable, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal domain of IRF-8 controls ubiquitination. The ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that ubiquitinated IRF-8 was likely to be Cbl, which formed a complex with IRF-8, demonstrable by both immunoprecipitation and gel filtration. Furthermore, IRF-8 stability was increased by dominant negative Cbl, and IRF-8 ubiquitination was significantly attenuated in Cbl-/- cells. Reflecting increased stability and expression, the IRF-8 carboxyl-terminal deletion mutant induced interleukin (IL)-12 p40 promoter activity much more strongly than IRF-8 did. Furthermore, IRF-8-induced IL-12 p40 synthesis in RAW264.7 cells was enhanced by dominant negative Cbl, and peritoneal macrophages from Cbl-/- mice showed increased IL-12 p40 protein production. Taken together, these results suggest that the proteasomal degradation of IRF-8 mediated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl down-regulates IL-12 expression.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Y-STRs haplotypes of Chinese Mongol ethnic group using Y-PLEX 12.

Eleven Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, DYS439) have been co-amplified in 96 healthy unrelated males of Chinese Mongol ethnic group, in order to investigate allele and haplotype frequencies of them, evaluate their usefulness in forensic casework.

China↗
PubMed2005

Effect of beta radiation on TGF-beta1 and bFGF expression in hyperplastic prostatic tissues.

AIM: To investigate the transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expressions in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the effect of beta-radiation. METHODS: TGF-beta1 and bFGF expression was studied by means of an immunohistochemical method in nine normal prostatic (NP) tissues, 15 hyperplastic prostatic tissues and 35 hyperplastic prostatic tissues treated with 90Sr/90Y. RESULTS: The TGF-beta1 expression in the epithelium and stroma of normal prostatic tissues was 68.2 % +/- 10.5 % and 29.7 % +/- 4.6 %, respectively, while it was 64.8 % +/- 9.3 % and 28.6 % +/- 4.1 %, respectively, in hyperplastic prostatic tissues. Compared with the controls, TGF-beta1 expression in the epithelia and stroma of BPH treated with 90Sr/90Y increased significantly (P <0.01). The bFGF expression in epithelia and stroma of normal prostatic tissues was 17.4 % +/- 3.7 % and 42.5 % +/- 6.8 %, respectively, and was 46.3 % +/- 8.2 % and 73.2 % +/- 12.1 %, respectively, in hyperplastic prostatic tissues. Compared with the controls, expressions of bFGF in the epithelia and stroma of BPH treated with a 90Sr/90Y prostatic hyperplasia applicator decreased significantly (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Exposure of beta-rays had noticeable effects on BPH tissues, enhancing TGF-beta1 expression and inhibiting bFGF expression.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Protective effects of yanggan lidan granules on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effects of Yanggan Lidan Granules (YGLDG) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver damage in mice and to find out its mechanism. METHODS: A model of chronic liver damage was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4). After three weeks, those model mice were treated with low-, medium-, high-dose YGLDG, Danning Tablets and bifendate respectively for four weeks. Then the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were detected. RESULTS: YGLDG could significantly reduce the levels of serum ALT and AST in model mice, and the content of MDA was obviously decreased while the content of SOD was increased in liver tissue. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of YGLDG on mice with CCl(4)-induced liver damage is to relieve the seriousness of liver damage, and its mechanism may relate to reducing peroxidation activity in liver tissue.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2005

[Determination of scopoletin and umbelliferone contents in Saussurea medusa Maxim by high-performance liquid chromatography].

The contents of scopoletin and umbelliferone in Saussurea medusa Maxim were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Merck Lichrospher100 RP-18e column (250 mm x 4.0 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase of methanol-tetrahydrofuran-water solution and the absorbance of the compounds observed at 346 nm. HPLC yielded an average recovery and RSD of 100.07% and 1.42% for scopoletin, and 99.41% and 2.06% for umbelliferone, respectively, suggesting that HPLC is a simple, rapid and accurate method for quality control of Saussurea medusa Maxim.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗