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Biomedical subjects

Jim Buttery

Publications and source records attributed to Jim Buttery.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus isolates from patients diagnosed with intussusception in Melbourne, Australia.

Twenty-one intussusception (IS)-associated and 59 temporally linked adenoviral isolates from clinical infections were compared. Species C (15/21 IS- and 32/59 non-IS-associated isolates) dominated. Of these, serotype 2 (AdV-2) (7/15 IS-associated isolates) and serotype 1 (AdV-1) (16/32 non-IS-associated isolates) were the most commonly identified serotypes. DNA restriction analysis of AdV-2 isolates identified six genomic types; of these, type D2 (3/7 IS- and 8/11 non-IS-associated isolates) was the dominant type after BamHI and SmaI digestion. IS-associated isolates are similar to circulating non-IS-associated strains.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed2003

Effect of infant immunisation with meningococcus serogroup C-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine on diphtheria immunity and reactogenicity in pre-school aged children.

The majority of Men C conjugate vaccines given in the UK use CRM(197), a mutant diphtheria toxoid, as their protein carrier. We studied the effects of prior immunisation with Men C-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine on immunity to diphtheria in 193 children before and after a booster dose of Men C at 4 years. Baseline diphtheria antibodies were higher in children given four previous doses of Men C (P<0.0001) and tended to be higher following boosting in those who had received three or four doses. This enhanced immunity was not associated with increased reactogenicity.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2003

Immunogenicity and immunological priming of the serogroup a portion of a bivalent meningococcal A/C conjugate vaccine in 2-year-old children.

Two-year-old children were vaccinated with 1 dose of meningococcal A/C conjugate (MACC) or meningococcal A/C polysaccharide (MACP) vaccine. Meningococcal serogroup A (MenA)-specific IgG geometric mean avidity indices (GMAIs) increased 1 month after vaccination with MACC (GMAI, 210; 95% confidence interval [CI], 140-300) and MACP (GMAI, 190; 95% CI, 120-310). One year after vaccination, the GMAI of the MACP-vaccinated cohort decreased to 130 (95%, CI 100-170), but a constant GMAI was maintained in the MACC-vaccinated cohort (210; 95% CI, 140-300), despite declining MenA-specific IgG antibody levels.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Vaccine development for capsulate bacteria causing pneumonia.

Pneumonia strikes the extremes of the age spectrum, causing maximal death and disability in children and the elderly. Despite its worldwide impact, there is a paucity of epidemiologic data regarding its incidence and the causative organisms. The two leading causes of bacterial pneumonia in childhood are Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). SP is the major cause of pneumonia beyond the newborn period. In neonates, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a major cause of sepsis and pneumonia despite recent reductions due to targeted perinatal antibiotic prophylaxis. Hib vaccine can prevent pneumonia in developing countries. SP conjugate vaccine prevents X-ray confirmed pneumonia in low incident populations, but protection appears more marginal in high incident populations. Non-vaccine SP serotypes have demonstrated increased carriage and mucosal disease, but not invasive disease following vaccination. GBS vaccines are in the early stages of clinical development as prenatal or antenatal vaccines.

Bacterial Capsules↗
PubMed2003

Rotavirus vaccines--an update.

Rotavirus vaccines offer the best hope to reduce the toll of acute rotaviral gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. An association with intussusception (IS) led to the withdrawal of the first licensed rotavirus vaccine in the USA in 1999, forcing a re-evaluation of the safety profile of potentially lifesaving vaccines. Development of new rotavirus vaccine candidates has continued, with a bovine-human reassortant vaccine and an attenuated human monovalent vaccine commencing Phase III trials. Several other candidates are in early Phase I and II clinical trials. The creation of innovative funding strategies to support vaccine development and production, specifically in developing countries, aim to make vaccines available where rotavirus causes the greatest impact.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Capsulate bacteria and the lung.

Capsulate bacteria cause the majority of community-acquired pneumonia presenting to hospital world-wide, at all ages. They are united by the virulence factor of their differing capsular polysaccharides, enabling them to evade phagocytosis. All cause invasive disease beyond the respiratory tract, including septicaemia and central nervous system infection. Recent advances in vaccine development have made the capsular polysaccharide an achievable target for vaccine strategies across all ages, with impacts already seen upon Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia in countries able to afford these new vaccines.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2002

Safety and immunogenicity of meningococcus serogroup C conjugate vaccine administered as a primary or booster vaccination to healthy four-year-old children.

BACKGROUND: Meningococcal C conjugate (Men C) vaccines have been routinely used in the UK since November, 1999. Little information exists regarding antibody persistence or immunologic memory after infant vaccination or response to a first dose at 4 years. METHODS: Ninety-five children immunized at 2, 3 and 4 months of age with 0 or 3 doses of Men C vaccine, boosted with Men C or meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine at 12 months, received a single dose of Men C vaccine at 4 years; 103 age-matched controls were recruited. Pre- and postvaccination Men C IgG (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) antibody titers and serum bactericidal activity (SBA) were measured. Safety data were also collected. RESULTS: Baseline SBA titers of > or =1/4 were observed in 87% of children after at least 3 doses of Men C vaccine in infancy compared with 21% of controls. Reciprocals of postvaccination SBA geometric mean titers in those with four prior doses [3803 (95% confidence interval 3489, 4146)] were significantly higher than controls [33 (95% confidence interval 20, 55)] ( < 0.001). Memory was attenuated by the 12-month meningococcal A/C polysaccharide booster [734 (95% confidence interval 484, 1115)] ( < 0.001). All children had IgG responses to a first dose of Men C vaccine, 80% achieving SBA titers of > or =1/4 (77% > or =1/8). The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSION: Infant immunization with Men C produced persistent antibody and immunologic memory at 4 years. All children made IgG antibodies after a first dose at this age, with 80% showing bactericidal activity. Clarification of the best measures of Men C vaccine-induced protection is needed, through correlation of immunogenicity data such as this with UK vaccine efficacy estimates.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗