PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Jim Kaput

Publications and source records attributed to Jim Kaput.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health.

Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene-nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient-genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Decoding the pyramid: a systems-biological approach to nutrigenomics.

Nutritional genomics, or nutrigenomics, seeks to understand the effects of diet on an individual's genes and health. Nutrigenomics is a systems-biological science that can be explained by five principal tenets: (1) improper diets in some individuals and under some conditions are risk factors for chronic diseases; (2) common dietary chemicals alter gene expression and/or genome structure; (3) the influence of diet on health depends upon an individual's genetic makeup; (4) some genes or their normal common variants are regulated by diet, which may play a role in chronic diseases; and (5) dietary interventions based upon knowledge of nutritional requirements, nutritional status, and genotype can be used to develop individualized nutrition plans that optimize health and prevent or mitigate chronic diseases. Optimal nutrition may also influence the aging process.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Identification of genes contributing to the obese yellow Avy phenotype: caloric restriction, genotype, diet x genotype interactions.

The incidence and severity of obesity and type 2 diabetes are increasing in Western societies. The progression of obesity to type 2 diabetes is gradual with overlapping symptoms of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, ion imbalance, and inflammation; this complex syndrome has been called diabesity. We describe here comparisons of gene expression in livers of A/a (agouti) vs. A(vy)/A (obese yellow) segregants (i.e., littermates) from BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr x VYWffC3Hf/Nctr-A(vy)/a matings in response to 70% and 100% of ad libitum caloric intakes of a reproducible diet. Twenty-eight (28) genes regulated by diet, genotype, or diet x genotype interactions mapped to diabesity quantitative trait loci. A subset of the identified genes is linked to abnormal physiological signs observed in obesity and diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional genomics: the next frontier in the postgenomic era.

The interface between the nutritional environment and cellular/genetic processes is being referred to as "nutrigenomics." Nutrigenomics seeks to provide a molecular genetic understanding for how common dietary chemicals (i.e., nutrition) affect health by altering the expression and/or structure of an individual's genetic makeup. The fundamental concepts of the field are that the progression from a healthy phenotype to a chronic disease phenotype must occur by changes in gene expression or by differences in activities of proteins and enzymes and that dietary chemicals directly or indirectly regulate the expression of genomic information. We present a conceptual basis and specific examples for this new branch of genomic research that focuses on the tenets of nutritional genomics: 1) common dietary chemicals act on the human genome, either directly or indirectly, to alter gene expression or structure; 2) under certain circumstances and in some individuals, diet can be a serious risk factor for a number of diseases; 3) some diet-regulated genes (and their normal, common variants) are likely to play a role in the onset, incidence, progression, and/or severity of chronic diseases; 4) the degree to which diet influences the balance between healthy and disease states may depend on an individual's genetic makeup; and 5) dietary intervention based on knowledge of nutritional requirement, nutritional status, and genotype (i.e., "individualized nutrition") can be used to prevent, mitigate, or cure chronic disease.

Chronic Disease↗