Biomedical subjects

Jin-Sang Yoon

Publications and source records attributed to Jin-Sang Yoon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

BDNF genotype potentially modifying the association between incident stroke and depression.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene val66met polymorphism in the association between stroke and depression. METHOD: Five hundred community residents aged >65 years without stroke or depression at baseline were re-evaluated after 2 years. Disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS II), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), and BDNF genotype were also measured at baseline. RESULTS: The association between incident stroke and depression was strengthened progressively with increasing numbers of met alleles, and was only significant in subjects with the met/met genotype after adjustment for disability and cognitive function. CONCLUSION: The BDNF val66met polymorphism may modify the association between stroke and depression.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Use of long-acting injectable risperidone before and throughout pregnancy in schizophrenia.

Data on the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) risperidone, the first atypical depot antipsychotic, during pregnancy are limited. A 35-year-old woman with schizophrenia was given LAI risperidone before and throughout her pregnancy. She gave birth to a female infant weighing 2230 g at 36 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy, following premature rupture of the membranes. The baby had no congenital malformation and was healthy 8 months postnatal. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of LAI risperidone throughout an entire pregnancy. In this paper, we discuss the rationale and problems of LAI risperidone use in pregnancy, based on a literature review.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Quetiapine regulates the stress-induced increase in corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamus.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key regulator of the stress response. We investigated the effects of the atypical antipsychotic drug quetiapine on CRF mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamus following immobilization stress. Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg quetiapine significantly reduced the immobilization stress-induced increase in CRF mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results suggest that quetiapine may modulate the stress response via regulation of CRF mRNA expression.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2006

Diagnostic validity of assessment scales for depression in patients with schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic validity of four commonly used assessment scales for depression in schizophrenia. The study population consisted of 84 inpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Depression in the study subjects was defined by the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episode. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale (SARS) were used to differentiate depression from the negative and extrapyramidal symptom-related depressive phenomena in schizophrenia. The following four depression scales were assessed for their diagnostic validity as measures of depressive disorder in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and the depression subscale of the PANSS (PANSS-D). Of 84 patients with schizophrenia, 32 were diagnosed as having comorbid depressive disorder. The areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves of the CDSS, HAM-D, PANSS-D, and BDI were 0.94, 0.89, 0.90, and 0.81, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the CDSS was significantly greater than that of the BDI and tended to be more favorable than those for the HAM-D and the PANSS-D. Our study suggests that the CDSS may provide the best assessment for depression in patients with schizophrenia.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Effects of quetiapine on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the hippocampus and neocortex of rats.

The effects of antipsychotics on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression have been controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic quetiapine administration on the BDNF mRNA expression in hippocampus and neocortex of rats with or without immobilization stress. The chronic administration (21 days) of quetiapine (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the decreased BDNF mRNA expression in the both hippocampal and cortical regions of rats caused by immobilization stress, and significantly increased the BDNF mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus of rats even without the immobilization stress. These results could add some theoretical bases to explain why quetiapine may improve cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia by stimulating BDNF mRNA expression.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2006

Correlates of caregiver burden for Korean elders according to cognitive and functional status.

BACKGROUND: Caregiver strain was investigated in a community sample of Korean elders with cohabiting caregivers, and factors associated with this were compared between groups classified by cognitive and functional impairment. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 484 elders and their cohabiting caregivers resident in Kwangju, South Korea. Caregiver burden was measured by the Zarit Burden Interview. Data on the elders' socio-demographics (age, gender, education, and religion) and clinical characteristics (cognitive function (MMSE), activities of daily living (IADL), depressive symptoms, alcoholism, and physical illness), and caregivers' socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, relation to elders, and current employment) and caregiving environments (living area, alternative caregiver, number of rooms, monthly income, and social network) were gathered. Participants were classified into those with (n=61) or without cognitive impairment. The second group was classified into those with (n=68) or without (n=355) functional impairment. RESULTS: Caregiver strain was significantly associated with cognitive impairment. In the group without cognitive impairment, caregiver strain was significantly associated with participant characteristics (IADL impairment, and symptoms of depression and alcoholism). In those with cognitive impairment, caregiver strain was associated with both participant status (depressive symptoms and IADL impairment) and caregiver characteristics (a child caregiver, lower social support, and urban environment). CONCLUSIONS: Individual mental and physical health characteristics predict caregiver strain regardless of cognitive impairment. Caregiver characteristics are most important in the presence of cognitive impairment.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2006

ALDH2 genotype-associated differences in the acute effects of alcohol on P300, psychomotor performance, and subjective response in healthy young Korean men: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the acute effects of alcohol on neurophysiological and psychomotor functions and the subjective response in healthy young Korean men according to the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) genotype. METHOD: A total of 24 males, half with ALDH2*1/*1 (active form) and the rest with ALDH2*1/*2 (inactive form), were selected through genotyping. In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, each subject consumed either a 0.5 g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo on two separate occasions, 1 week apart. The blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), P300 of event-related potential, psychomotor performance, and perceived feelings were assessed. RESULTS: Although the BACs were similar between the two groups, the effects of alcohol on P300 were greater overall in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 than in subjects with ALDH2*1/*1. Psychomotor performance was more impaired after alcohol ingestion in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2 than in subjects with ALDH2*1/*1. The subjective response after alcohol ingestion was more negative in subjects with ALDH2*1/*2, compared to subjects with ALDH2*1/*1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the ALDH2 polymorphism is an important factor in determining the effects of alcohol on various psychobehavioral functions.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Survey of medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia--Korean ADHES data.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the partial adherence to medication in schizophrenic patients in Korea. METHODS: The Adherence in Schizophrenia (ADHES) survey was conducted worldwide, including Asian countries. Through questionnaires for clinicians, caregivers and patients, information about medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia and factors affecting adherence were identified. This survey involved 131 psychiatrists from 80 psychiatry clinics and 2824 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled. RESULTS: Partial adherence in patients with schizophrenia was prevalent (over 60%) in Korea. From the psychiatrists' point of view, the most prevalent factors associated with partial adherence in their patients were poor awareness of the illness (85%) and embarrassment at having to take medication daily (80%). Psychiatrists believed that most patients (83%) needed help from someone to remind them to take the medication regularly. Of patients, 57% reported feeling upset at having to take medication daily and 76% of caregivers reported preferring long-acting medications. CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, a specific strategy to deal successfully with the prevalent partial adherence to medication in patients with schizophrenia should be developed, and long-acting medication may be one solution to improve partial adherence problems.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

PubMed2006

Bullying and victimization behaviors in boys and girls at South Korean primary schools.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and correlates of bullying and victimization behaviors in boys and girls at South Korean primary schools. METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey, 1,344 fourth-grade primary school children completed a questionnaire on self-reported bullying and victimization behaviors, depression, anxiety, body image, coping strategies, and self-esteem as well as the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parents completed a questionnaire on demographic data, the General Health Questionnaire-12, and the Korean version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullies, victims, and bullies/victims was 12.0%, 5.3%, and 7.2%, respectively. Boys were significantly more likely to be bullies and bullies/victims. In the multivariate analyses, bullying and victimization behaviors were associated with gender, greater than average height, higher depression, higher trait anxiety, lower self-esteem, and total difficulties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Differences in the associations were found between boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that bullying is common among South Korean primary school students and that bullying and victimization behaviors are related to various emotional, behavioral, and social problems; some gender-related differences are also evident.

Crime Victims↗

PubMed2006

A prospective study of changes in subjective memory complaints and onset of dementia in South Korea.

OBJECTIVE: Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are associated with an increased incidence of dementia, but changes in SMCs have received little investigation. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between change in self-reported memory and incident dementia in a community sample. METHOD: Korean residents aged 65+ without dementia were followed over a 2.4-year period (N = 686). SMCs were ascertained on both occasions using the Geriatric Mental State schedule. Incident dementia was ascertained at follow up, applying Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. RESULTS: Compared with those without SMCs on either occasion, dementia incidence was higher in those with persistent SMCs (present on both occasions) and transient SMCs (present at baseline but not follow up). There was no association with new onset of SMCs during follow up. The association with transient SMCs was weakened when those with cognitive impairment at baseline were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Incident dementia is associated with memory complaints that persist or disappear but not with new complaints.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Vascular risk factors and incident late-life depression in a Korean population.

BACKGROUND: Causal relationships between vascular factors and late-life depression are controversial. AIMS: To investigate prospective associations between risk factors for vascular disease and incidence of late-life depression. METHOD: Of 661 community participants aged 65 years or over, without depression at baseline, 521 (79%) were re-evaluated 2 years later. At baseline and follow-up, a diagnostic interview for depression was carried out and information on vascular status, disability and cognitive function was gathered. RESULTS: Pre-existing heart disease, incident stroke and lower baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significantly associated with incidence of late-life depression, independently of disability and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide some support for a vascular aetiology of late-life depression. However, important risk factors for cerebrovascular disease such as hypertension and diabetes were not implicated, and the associations with lipid levels might still be explained by affective states earlier in life.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Influence of the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism on susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder marked by behavioral, physiologic, and hormonal alterations. The etiology of PTSD is unknown, although exposure to a traumatic event constitutes a necessary, but not sufficient, factor. Serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in PTSD. The present study examined the possible association between the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (SERTPR) and PTSD. The genotype and allele frequencies of the SERTPR were analyzed in 100 PTSD patients and 197 unrelated healthy controls using a case-control design. The frequency of the s/s genotype was significantly higher in PTSD patients than in normal controls. These findings suggest that the SERTPR s/s genotype is one of the genetic factors for the susceptibility to PTSD. Further investigations are required into the influence of gene polymorphisms on the biological mechanisms of PTSD, its clinical expression, and its response to treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Physical health, depression and cognitive function as correlates of disability in an older Korean population.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II) measures functioning and disability in concordance with the bio-psycho-social model of the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Our objectives were to investigate the independent associations of physical health, depression and cognitive function with WHODAS II disability in an older Korean population. METHODS: The WHODAS II was administered to a community sample of 1204 residents age 65 or over. Data on demographic characteristics (age, gender, living area, marital state, and religion), socio-economic state (education, type of accommodation, number of rooms, previous occupation, current employment, monthly income), social support, number of physical illness, depression (GMS), and cognitive function (MMSE) was gathered. A subsample (n = 746) received a clinical examination for dementia. RESULTS: Scores on the WHODAS II were significantly and independently associated with worse physical health, depression, and lower cognitive function. Associations with other factors were no longer apparent after adjustment for these. These associations persisted in the absence of dementia. In participants with dementia (n = 110), WHODAS II scores were principally associated with physical health and accommodation type. CONCLUSIONS: Level of disability, as measured by the WHODAS II, was principally associated with physical health, depression and cognitive function, rather than socio-demographic factors.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism is not associated with incidence of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: The association between the mutant allele of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2*2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversial and only so far investigated in cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between ALDH2*2 and incidence of AD. METHODS: Of 592 participants aged 65 or over without dementia at baseline, 510 (86%) were re-evaluated after 2.4 years and comprised the study sample. Baseline measures included: demographic characteristics, drinking behavior, cognitive function (MMSE), clinical diagnoses of dementia and AD, and genotype (ALDH2 and apolipoprotein E). At the follow up examination, alcohol related characteristics, MMSE and clinical diagnoses of dementia and AD were reassessed. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between the ALDH2*2 and any cognitive outcomes (incidence of dementia or AD, or cognitive decline). These findings were not changed after adjustment for alcohol consumption. No interaction was found between ALDH2 and apolipoprotein E. CONCLUSIONS: ALDH2*2 does not seem to be important in the etiology of dementia.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Comparing effects of methylphenidate, sertraline and placebo on neuropsychiatric sequelae in patients with traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of methylphenidate and sertraline compared with placebo on various neuropsychiatric sequelae associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: This was a 4 week, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Thirty patients with mild to moderate degrees of TBI were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups (n = 10 in each group) with matching age, gender and education, i.e. methylphenidate (starting at 5 mg/day and increasing to 20 mg/day in a week), sertraline (starting at 25 mg/day and increasing to 100 mg/day in a week) or placebo. At the baseline and at the 4 week endpoint, the following assessments were administered: subjective (Beck Depression Inventory) and objective (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) measures of depression; Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire for postconcussional symptoms; SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale for quality of life; seven performance tests (Critical Flicker Fusion, Choice Reaction Time, Continuous Tracking, Mental Arithmetic, Short-Term memory, Digit Symbol Substitution and Mini-Mental State Examination); subjective measures of sleep (Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). All adverse events during the study period were recorded and their relationships to the drugs were assessed. RESULTS: Neuropsychiatric sequelae seemed to take a natural recovery course in patients with traumatic brain injury. Methylphenidate had significant effects on depressive symptoms compared with the placebo, without hindering the natural recovery process of cognitive function. Although sertraline also had significant effects on depressive symptoms compared with the placebo, it did not improve many tests on cognitive performances. Daytime sleepiness was reduced by methylphenidate, while it was not by sertraline. CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate and sertraline had similar effects on depressive symptoms. However, methylphenidate seemed to be more beneficial in improving cognitive function and maintaining daytime alertness. Methylphenidate also offered a better tolerability than sertraline.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Prevalence and related factors of dementia in an urban elderly population using a new screening method].

OBJECTIVES: Dementia has rapidly increased with the prolongation of life expectancy and aging in Korea. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of, and find related factors for, dementia in an urban elderly population, using a newly developed screening method. METHODS: Seven hundred and six people, aged over 65 years-old, in Dong district of Gwangju, Korea, were recruited using stratified cluster sampling, and completed Korean version of Geriatric Mental State Schedule B3 (GMS B3-K), the Korean version of the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID-K) and modified 10 word list-learning from the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Dementia was diagnosed by an algorithm derived from all three of these measures. RESULTS: The crude and age adjusted prevalence rates of dementia were 13.0 and 11.5%, respectively. Age, education, marital status and a history of cerebrovascular disease were identified as factors related with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The new instrument, using the GMS B3-K, CSID-K and modified 10 word list-learning from the CERAD, was considered effective as a community screening and diagnostic tool for dementia. The results of this study can also be used to develop a community-based prevention and management system for dementia in the future.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Lifetime urban/rural residence, social support and late-life depression in Korea.

BACKGROUND: Population ageing and rural-urban migration are accelerating in many non-Western nations. This study aimed to investigate: (i) the association between lifetime urban/rural residence and late-life depression in Korea and (ii) modification of associations between depression and social support by lifetime residence. METHODS: 1204 urban/rural residents aged 65+were interviewed and GMS-AGECAT diagnoses made. Previous areas of residence were recorded and social support deficits quantified. RESULTS: Depression was present in 9% and 21% of the rural and urban samples respectively. For the urban sample, depression was not associated with earlier urban/rural residence. Social support deficits were most strongly associated with depression in people with a lifetime rural residence, followed by urban residents with a rural birthplace. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rates of depression were increased in the urban sample regardless of previous urban/rural residence. Reduced social support was particularly strongly associated with depression in people with a rural upbringing.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Assessment of association between mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in an older Korean population.

BACKGROUND: The mutant allele of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2(*)2) was found to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a Japanese sample, interacting with the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (Apo E4). OBJECTIVE: In a community Korean population we sought to investigate associations between ALDH2 genotypes and the following outcomes: cognitive impairment, previous cognitive decline, dementia and AD. METHODS: Six hundred ninety community residents aged 65 or over were assessed for demographic characteristics, drinking behaviour, cognitive function, clinical diagnoses of dementia and AD, physical health status, and genotype (ALDH2 and Apo E). RESULTS: There were no significant associations between the ALDH2(*)2 and any cognitive outcome, before or after adjustment for alcohol-related characteristics. These findings were consistent both in the non-drinkers and drinkers. Interaction between ALDH2 and Apo E was only found for one outcome (previous cognitive decline) at borderline levels of significance (P=0.058). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings in a community population did not support a substantial role for ALDH2 genotype in the aetiology of dementia.

Acetaldehyde↗