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Jing-yun Li

Publications and source records attributed to Jing-yun Li.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Phenotypic resistance of resistant strains of HIV type-1 subtype B in China.

BACKGROUND: This study was aim to explore the characteristics of phenotypic resistance of resistant strains of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) subtype B and to compare the concordance between the phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. METHODS: The genotypic resistance assay for the HIV-1 clinical isolates was performed. One isolate without resistance mutation was chosen as a drug-sensitive reference strain and seven subtype B isolates with resistance mutations were phenotypically tested. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) between resistant and sensitive viruses were compared. The resistance extent was determined by the folds of the increased IC50. The concordance between the phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance was also analyzed. RESULTS: IC50 of resistant isolates were 0.0006 - 0.1300 micromol/L for zidovudine (AZT), 0.0016 - 0.0390 micromol/L for lamivudine (3TC), 0.0104 - 0.4234 micromol/L for nevirapine (NVP), and 0.0163 - 0.1142 micromol/L for indinavir (IDV), respectively. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance assays indicated that the resistant strains were intermediately and highly resistant to nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The phenotypic assay was consistent with the genotypic assay. For measuring the potential resistance, the genotypic assay was more sensitive than the phenotypic. In evaluating the resistance to protease inhibitors, these two assays were discrepant. CONCLUSIONS: Both the phenotypic and genotypic assays indicate that the resistant viruses exist in HIV-infected patients in China who have received treatment. Phenotypic and genotypic assays have high concordance, and the genotypic assay could replace the phenotypic assay to predict the HIV-1 resistance.

Anti-Retroviral Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Some problems existing in current Chinese-English dictionaries of TCM nouns].

The paper discusses some problems existing in the current Chinese-English dictionaries of TCM nouns, points out their negative effects, hoping that people will attach great importance to the problems. Meanwhile the author puts forth the urgency of compiling high quality Chinese-English TCM dictionaries, and the role of such dictionaries in the standardization of English translation of TCM nouns.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional↗
PubMed2006

[Cohort study on human immunodeficiency virus discordant couples in the countryside of central China].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) discordant couples for follow-up studies and to collect data on frequency of HIV heterosexual transmission and related factors. METHODS: A total of 52 HIV discordant couples were identified by face to face interview and serological testing, in which the HIV negative individuals had no HIV infection behaviors including injecting drug use, blood transfusion or having sexual partners other than his/her own wife/husband. Three times of follows-up studies were carried out in 0.5 year, 1 year and 2.5 years to collect information on their sexual practices and condom use through face to face interview together with 20 ml whole blood collected to test HIV antibody, CD4+ T cell count and viral load. RESULTS: (1) In the period of 2.5 years follow-up, no HIV seroconversion and HIV transmission was found. (2) The frequencies of sexual intercourse between once per month to once per week were 65.4%, 72.9%, 71.7% and 80.0% at the time of cohort setup: 0.5 year, 1 year and 2.5 years of follow-up respectively. The rates of "occasional use" to "never use" condoms were 76.9%, 66.6%, 69.1% and 60.0% at the time of cohort setup as: 0.5 year, 1 year and 2.5 years of follow-up, respectively. No significant difference between different times of follow-up for sexual intercourse or condom use. (3) 85.4%, 66.6% and 60.0% of the HIV positive individuals kept their CD4+ T cell count stabilized or raised during the 0.5 year, 1 year and 2.5 years follow-up period, respectively. However, 66.7% of them showed stable or declined viral load in the period of 2.5 years follow-up. It appeared that stable or raised CD4+ T cell and the stable/declined viral load happened simultaneously. CONCLUSION: No transmission was identified in this study. The stabilized CD4+ T cell count and viral load might be account for the reason of no transmission while the biological factors from host and virus related with transmission need to be further studied.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed2006

[Application of Nida's theory in English translation of traditional Chinese medicine].

The famous American translation theorist Eugene A. Nida has put forward lots of viewpoints and theories for translation work when he translated the Bible, which have important practical instructional meaning for translation of traditional Chinese medicine nowadays. The application of Nida's theories to translating practice of TCM is illustrated by specific examples in this paper.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional↗
PubMed2005

[Genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing and phylogenetic analysis of protease and reverse transcriptase in antiretroviral drug-naïve AIDS patients in Henan province].

OBJECTIVE: Frequency, type and clinical implications on protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations were investigated and phylogenetic analysis in antiretroviral drug-naïve AIDS patients was carried out in Henan province. METHODS: 45 plasma samples were separated from the anticoagulatory whole blood, from which reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify the partial pol gene. The sequences were analysed for genotypic antiretroviral resistance and phylogenetic relation through landing the websites http://hivdb.stanford.edu and http://hiv-web.lanl.gov, under BioEdit and DNAClub software. RESULTS: Partial pol sequences of 36 samples were successfully amplified. The major mutation rate of resistance to protease was 8.3% (3/36), including types D30A, V32A, G73C and V82A. Minor mutation rate of resistance was 100%, including types of L63PS (36/36), I93L (35/36), V77IL (34/36), A71IVT (10/36) and D60E (2/36). The mutation rate of resistance to reverse transcriptase was 38.9% (14/36). Mutation-scoring and clinical implication clewed drug resistance rates were 5.6% (2/36) and 22.2% (8/36) to protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors respectively, while 1 sample was potentially low-level resistant to all of the protease inhibitors and 3 samples to part of the reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the pol gene of 36 samples were highly homologous and having a near relative to B.US.83.RF ACC M17451. 36 samples seemed to have the same infection source while their resistance mutations were not due to drug-resistant virus infection but to the evolving of virus in vivo. CONCLUSION: Most of the antiretroviral drug-naïve AIDS patients in Henan province were sensitive to the currently available antiviral medicine, but antiviral treatment must be in accordance with the strict procedure and to keep better adherence, to avoid the epidemics caused by drug-resistant virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

[Cloning and characterization of a full-length HIV-1 genome of a prevalent subtype B-Thai strain in Henan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To clone, identify and phylogenetically characterize a clade B-Thai HIV isolate representing the most prevalent virus in Henan province. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an HIV-1 infected patient in Henan Province were separated, and co-cultivated with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated healthy donor PBMCs. Proviral DNA was extracted from productively infected PBMCs. The full-length HIV-1 genome was amplified by using the LA Tag long template PCR system. Primers were positioned in conserved regions within the HIV-1 long terminal repeats. Purified PCR products were T-A ligated into a pWSK29-T vector(CNHN 24 clone). Three recombinant clones containing virtually full-length HIV-1 genome were identified by PCR. The full-length genome was sequenced by using the primer-walking approach. Nucleotide sequence similarities were calculated by the local-homology algorithm. Phylogenetic trees of gag, pol and env reading frames were constructed using the Phylip software. RESULTS: HIV-1 C3V4 sequences indicate that the epidemic in this area was B-Thai subtype. V3 loop multiple amino acid sequence alignments showed amino acid alterations at nine positions. The 9,010 bp genomic sequence derived from isolate CNHN 24 contained all known structural and regulatory genes of an HIV-1 genome. No major deletions, insertions, or rearrangements were found. The highest homologies of the gag, pol, vpr, and vif reading frames to the corresponding clade B-Thai RL 42 sequences were 95.42%-97.08%. Phylogenetic trees showed the closest relationship of CNHN 24 and RL 42. CONCLUSION: The cloning and characterization of a virtually full-length HIV-1 B-Thai subtype in central China was completed in our laboratory. The data should be helpful to future studies on the genetic diversity of HIV-1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

[Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates collected from the inpatients in the departments of medicine, surgery, and pediatrics, and intensive care unit (ICU), and from the outpatients. METHODS: Disc diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial resistance of 3909 strains of E. coli collected from the inpatients in the departments of medicine, surgery, and pediatrics, and Intensive care unit (ICU), and from the outpatients, mostly isolated from urine, sputum, blood, and different secreta in the year 2001. WHONET 5 software was used for analysis of the antimicrobial resistance; and significant differences were tested by chi(2) to compare the resistance rates to antibiotics. RESULTS: The incidences of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing strains were 11.2% (195/1737), 14.3% (141/983), 17.7% (28/158), 19.7% (24/122) and 8.4% (76/909) in the strains of E. coli isolated from the inpatients in the departments of medicine, surgery, and pediatrics, and ICU and from the outpatients respectively, with a detectable rate among the outpatients significantly lower than that among the inpatients (P < 0.005), and a detectable rate among the inpatients in the department of medicine significantly lower than those among the inpatients in the department of pediatrics and ICU (both P < 0.05). The resistance rates to cefazolin, cefotaxime, gentamicin and aztreonam of the isolates from the outpatients were significantly lower than those of the inpatients (all P < 0.05). The resistance rates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefepime and amikacin of the isolates from the outpatients were significantly lower than those of the inpatients in the department of surgery and ICU (all P < 0.05); The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole of the isolates from the outpatients were significantly lower than those from the ICU patients (both P < 0.05). The resistance rates to cefazolin and cefotaxime of E. coli isolates collected from the inpatients in the department of medicine were significantly lower than those of the isolates from the department of surgery and ICU (all P < 0.01); the resistance rates to gentamicin of the isolates from the department was significantly lower than that of the isolates from the department of surgery (P < 0.05). The resistance rates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and aztreonam of the isolates from the department of medicine were significantly lower than those of the isolates from the ICU (both P < 0.05). The resistance rate to ciprofloxacin of isolates from the inpatients in the department of pediatrics was significantly lower than that of the other isolates (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It is of guiding significance for empirical use of antimicrobial agents in clinic to study on the resistant rates of the strains of E. coli isolated from different departments in hospital.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

[Analysis of antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of enterococci from Beijing and other areas in China].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in Beijing and other areas in China. METHODS: Disk diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial resistance of 1978 enterococcal isolates from 4 teaching hospitals in Beijing and 53 grade 3 A hospitals in other areas of China The laboratory data were analyzed by WHONET5 statistic software. RESULTS: Enterococcus. faecalis isolates and E. facium isolates accounted for 80.7% and 17.1% of the enterococcus isolates in Beijing and 79.4% and 15.2% in other areas respectively. The enterococcus isolates from urine, sputum, secretion with pus, blood, and bile accounted for 33.7%, 22.9%, 9.8%, 4.4%, and 3.0% of the enterococcus isolates in Beijing and 28.4%, 16.3%, 14.6%, 5.0%, and 4.5% in other areas respectively. The resistance rates of E. faecalis to vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, and high -level gentamicin were 2.0%, 1.4%, 17.7%, and 47.4% in Beijing, and 5.1%, 3.7%, 24%, and 49.2% in other areas; The resistance rates of E. faecium to vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, and high -level gentamicin were 1.5%, 2.6%, 64.2%, and 64.9% in Beijing, and 2.1%, 3.1%, 68.5%, and 62.3% in other areas respectively. The vancomycin-resistant rate of the total isolates of enterococci was 3.2%. CONCLUSION: Enterococcus faecalis is the main species in the enterococcus isolates from clinical samples. E. facium, as compared with E. faecalis resists many antimicrobial agents more strongly. Both of E. faecalis and E. facium show the least resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

[Study on factors associated with heterosexual-transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in central China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with sexual-transmission in central China. METHODS: (1) Cross-sectional study: couples that one was HIV positive were selected in Henan and Hebei province of China. The couples must be 20 - 50 years old with normal function on sexual intercourse. Cordant couples that subsequently infected partners were at risk of infection solely through sexual contact with the HIV-seropositive partner and the discordant couples that the seronegative partners were at risk of infection solely through sexual contact with the HIV-seropositive partner, were selected. Plasma viral load, CD4 cell count were tested. (2) Case-control study was used to compare 7 sexual transmitted cases and 56 nontransmitted controls with respect to the frequency of sexual intercourse, plasma viral load and CD4 cell count. RESULTS: (1) A total of 87 couples that at least one partner was HIV positive were recruited include 56 discordant couples and 7 cordant couples with whom sexual transmission had happened. The rate of sexual transmission was 11.1% among those at the risk of sexual transmission. (2) Of the discordant couples, male positive rate 25%, female positive was 75%. (3) The risk for transmission was higher in those couples with the frequency of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse (> or = 4 times per month) than the reference group (< 4 times per month) (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.047, OR = 8.0). Median plasma viral load was significantly higher in the antecedent infected partners of cordant couples than the positive partner of discordant couples (378,285.71 vs 136,578.57 copies/ml, t = 3.591, P < 0.01). The odds ratio was 22.0 for plasma viral load > or = 100,000 copies/ml compared with the reference group of < 100 000 copies/ml (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.016). The CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 of the transmitted group were significantly lower than that of the nontransmitted (t = 2.767, P < 0.05; t = 6.06, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The frequencies of heterosexual-transmission in central China were relatively low. The risk of heterosexual transmission was related to the frequency of sexual intercourse. Higher plasma viral load and lower CD4 count was strongly correlated with high risk of heterosexual transmission.

Adult↗